Why are Cold Environments under threat 1 2

Why are Cold Environments under threat? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How many people work in tourism in Svalbard? What is a potential future energy source in Svalbard? How far is Svalbard from Norway? Name two challenges of living in Svalbard What is the main town in Svalbard called?

Why are Cold Environments under threat? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How many people work in tourism in Svalbard? 300 What is a potential future energy source in Svalbard? Geothermal How far is Svalbard from Norway? 1900 km Name two challenges of living in Svalbard Cold climate, remoteness What is the main town in Svalbard called? Longyearbyen

Direct Vocabulary Instruction Exploitation Definition: the action of making use of and benefiting from resources in an environment There are many resources like oil and minerals in cold environments that are yet to be exploited

Cold environments under threat Learning aim: To investigate why cold environments are so precious ‘so that’ I can explain how easily they are damaged. Success criteria I can explain why cold environments are increasingly under threat from economic development I can describe 8 reasons why cold environments are important and need to be protected I can explain why cold environments can be easily damaged by economic activity in different parts of the world

Economic development in cold environments There are huge reserves of coal, oil, natural gas and other minerals like gold that are yet to be exploited in cold environments like Alaska and Antarctica. These resources are starting to run out in other parts of the world. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Describe world population growth between 1960 and 2020 What does this mean for the amount of resources used in the world? What are the main economic uses of coal, oil and gas? What does this mean for economic development in cold environments? How might the increasing use of fossil fuels also threaten cold environments

Why protect cold environments? Many indigenous people live traditional life here, for example the Inuit who live in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. They survive by hunting and fishing. Cold environments are extremely fragile and easily damaged. Tundra vegetation in the Arctic takes decades to re-grow if damaged in any way. Cold environments are a habitat to many birds, animals and plants such as penguins in the Antarctic and polar bears in the Arctic, and many species of Tundra vegetation Their beauty provides potential for adventure activities that attract tourists. This provides huge economic benefits for countries like Norway (Svalbard) Iceland Alaska Many cold environments are wilderness areas that have yet to be seriously damaged by humans. Antarctica is considered to last great unspoiled wilderness on earth Permafrost contains lots of carbon dioxide and methane. If it melts due to climate change this will be released and massively speed up future climate change. 24% of the worlds land surface is covered in permafrost. Because they are unpolluted and unspoiled, they are important outdoor laboratories for scientific research such as the effects of climate change. No-one lives permanently in Antarctica but 3700 scientists work there over the year They provide opportunities forestry and fishing e. g. the Barents sea in Svalbard 1. Summarise 8 reasons why cold environments need protecting. (try to add an example) 2. Identify a part of the world where each reason is important

Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill - Alaska How does economic activity damage cold environments? https: //www. yout ube. com/watch? v=A 7 hf. Q 8 m. TVr. U Watch the 4 video clips. For each one; a) Name the location b) Describe the cause of damage Off-road vehicle damage - Alaska https: //www. youtu be. com/watch? v= f. Qx. SF 2 x. JGz. Q Open cast coal mining - Siberia https: //www. yout ube. com/watch? v=Klbo. Lu. RTFTs Oil pipe spill - Canada https: //www. yout ube. com/watch? v=JFspsra. Mr. RY c) Explain a reason for damage d) Suggest an effect on the environment (you need to include at least 2 words from the useful words box in each answer) Useful words Habitat Ecosystem Species Biodiversity Food web Pollution Poison Delicate Fragile Soil Vegetation Water supplies

Economic development in cold environments 1. In 1960 world population was ____ billion. It has risen _____ to _____ billion by 2020 2. This means the amount of resources used in the world will ______________________ 3. Coal is used for _________________ Oil is used for __________________________________________ Natural gas is used for _______________ 4. Economic development in cold environments will _____ because ________________________________________________ 5. The increasing use of fossil fuels could threaten cold environments because _______________________________________ Reasons for protecting cold environments 1. Reason _______________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2. Location ______________________________________ 1. Reason ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location ______________________________________

Give a score out of 9 for memory recall 1. Three area of the world with cold environments are _____ 2. What is the approximate world population in 2020 is _______ billion 3. Three fossil fuels are ____, ____ and _____ 4. Burning fossil fuels is bad for cold environments because _____ 5. An example of an indigenous tribe living in Alaska are the _______ 6. Two area of the world with cold environments where tourism is important are _____ and _______ 7. A natural environment unspoiled by humans is called a ____ 8. Melting permafrost due to climate change is bad for the planet because ________ 9. Three ways cold environments are damaged by economic activity are ____ , _____ and ____

Give a score out of 9 for memory recall 1. Three area of the world with cold environments are Antarctica, Alaska, Svalbard, Northern Canada, Northern Russia 2. What is the approximate world population in 2020 is 7. 6 billion 3. Three fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas 4. Burning fossil fuels is bad for cold environments because they give of carbon dioxide causing climate change 5. An example of an indigenous tribe living in Alaska are the Inuit 6. Two area of the world with cold environments where tourism is important are Svalbard and Iceland/Greenland 7. A natural environment unspoiled by humans is called a wilderness 8. Melting permafrost due to climate change is bad for the planet because it releases carbon dioxide and methane causing climate change 9. Three ways cold environments are damaged by economic activity are mining , oil spills and off road tourism

1. Explain two ways that economic activity can damage cold environments (4 marks) One way economic activity can damage environments is _____ This is because _______ Another way is __________ This is because __________ 2. Explain two reasons why cold environments need to be protected (4 marks) Cold environments need to be protected because _____ If they are not protected _________ Another reason is ___________ If they are not protected ____________

2. Explain two ways that economic activity can damage cold environments (4 marks) One way economic activity can damage environments is through exploration for fossil fuels like oil and coal This is because with oil in particular there are often spills during transportation of oil which pollute water and poison habitats damaging bio -diversity Another way is through adventure tourism such as off-roading This is because the vehicle tyres rip up the fragile tundra vegetation which takes years to recover 1. Explain two reasons why cold environments need to be protected (4 marks) Cold environments need to be protected because they are a habitat to many species like polar bears and penguins If they are not protected the habitat could be destroyed and these species could become extinct Another reason is because they are important tourist destinations, improving economies in places like Norway and Iceland If they are not protected visitor numbers will decline and people will lose their jobs and income

Economic development in cold environments In 1960 world population was 3 billion. It has risen rapidly to 7. 6 billion by 2020 This means the amount of resources used in the world will Rapidly increase due to a larger global population Coal is used for generating electricity in power stations Oil is used for fuel for transport and products like oils and even makeup Natural gas is used for generating electricity and heating Economic development in cold environments will increase because we need more resources but they are running out in other parts of the world so they need to be exploited in cold environments The increasing use of fossil fuels could threaten cold environments because fossil fuels give off carbon dioxide when burned which is a greenhouse gas causing climate change Reasons for protecting cold environments Reason Many indigenous people live traditional life here, for example the Inuit who live a traditional hunting lifestyle Location Alaska and Greenland Reason Cold environments are extremely fragile and easily damaged and take decades to recover Location All Tundra environments Reason Cold environments are a habitat to many birds, animals and plants such as penguins and Polar bears Location Antarctic and Arctic Reason Their beauty provides potential for adventure activities that attract tourists Location Svalbard and Iceland Reason Many cold environments are wilderness areas that have yet to be seriously damaged by humans. Location Antarctica Reason Permafrost contains lots of carbon dioxide and methane. If it melts due to climate change this will be released and massively speed up future climate change. Location 24% of the worlds land mass is permafrost Reason Because they are unpolluted and unspoiled, they are important outdoor laboratories for scientific research e. g. climate change Location 3700 scientists work in Antarctica Reason They provide opportunities forestry and fishing Location Barents sea in Svalbard

How economic activity damaged cold environments Location Alaska Cause of damage Tanker oil spill Exon Valdez tanker Reason for damage Ran ground dodging icebergs Effect on the environment Covered 3000 miles of shoreline in oil damaging habitats and killing biodiversity Location Alaska Cause of damage Off road vehicles rip up the ground Reason for damage Adventure off roading Effect on the environment Rips up the soil damaging vegetation that takes years to recover Location Siberia in Russia Cause of damage Coal mining Reason for damage Massive mine with constant explosions Effect on the environment Destroys the ecosystem completely and noise frightens species away Location Canada Cause of damage Oil pipe spill Reason for damage Pipe transporting oil from the terminal burst Effect on the environment water pollution and destruction of vegetation around the spill