WHS AP Psychology Unit 2 Memory Cognition Essential

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WHS AP Psychology Unit 2: Memory (Cognition) Essential Task 2 -3: Describe the physiological

WHS AP Psychology Unit 2: Memory (Cognition) Essential Task 2 -3: Describe the physiological systems of memory with specific attention to long-term potentiation and the brain regions where memories are stored.

Information Processing Model 1. Encoding gone Long Term Memory 2. Storage 3. Retrieval External

Information Processing Model 1. Encoding gone Long Term Memory 2. Storage 3. Retrieval External Stimuli All the rest Retrieval Sensory Registers At ten tio n Short Term Memory

Essential Task 2 -: Outline • Physiology of Memory – Process: • long-term potentiation

Essential Task 2 -: Outline • Physiology of Memory – Process: • long-term potentiation • Stress hormones – Where: Brain Structures • Hippocampus • Where the memories are processed

How are the Memories Stored? Synaptic Changes Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) A long-lasting change in

How are the Memories Stored? Synaptic Changes Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) A long-lasting change in the structure or function of a synapse that increase the efficiency of neural transmission.

Explicit Memory System • Hippocampus: turns STM into LTM • The hippocampus (named after

Explicit Memory System • Hippocampus: turns STM into LTM • The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek hippos meaning "horse" and kampos meaning "sea monster") • It works as the brain’s “SAVE” button. Holding onto memories and then permentantly storing them in other brain regions.

Explicit Memory System • Frontal lobe is your working memory – Left frontal deals

Explicit Memory System • Frontal lobe is your working memory – Left frontal deals with Language and Logic – Right frontal is your spatial reasoning

Implicit Memory System • Cerebellum – memories created by classical conditioning. • Basal Ganglia

Implicit Memory System • Cerebellum – memories created by classical conditioning. • Basal Ganglia – procedural memories

Emotions and memory • Stress hormmones provoke the Amygdala – fear processing center of

Emotions and memory • Stress hormmones provoke the Amygdala – fear processing center of the brain • It create a memory trace in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia • Bakes in emotional memories but blocks neutral ones.

Stress Hormones & Memory §Heightened emotions (stress-related or otherwise) make for stronger memories. §But.

Stress Hormones & Memory §Heightened emotions (stress-related or otherwise) make for stronger memories. §But. . . extreme stress undermines learning and later recall §How does this apply to an exam?

Where Are Memories Stored?

Where Are Memories Stored?

Biological Forgetting Factors • Damage to the Hippocampus – Difficulty forming new memories –

Biological Forgetting Factors • Damage to the Hippocampus – Difficulty forming new memories – Diminished in Alzheimer’s patients • Neurotransmitters play a role – Acetylcholine – Alzheimer’s patients show levels of this • Decay theory – Memories deteriorate because of the passage of time – Distractor Studies – information fades from STM