Who was responsible for the attacks 1 Al

Who was responsible for the attacks? 1. Al Qaeda - a terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden took responsibility for the attacks (3 years after September 11 th) 2. Quickly revealed that the government of Afghanistan, known as the Taliban were providing safe-harbor for al Qaeda.

Prompted Bush to deliver an ultimatum to the Taliban and al Qaeda and institute a bold new foreign policy plan that became known as the Bush Doctrine.

The U. S. policy would come to be known as the Bush Doctrine and can be summarized as follows: 1. The right to secure itself from countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups; 2. Preventive war, an attack against a possible enemy to prevent an attack by that enemy at a later time 3. Spreading democracy around the world as a strategy for combating terrorism 4. A willingness to use the U. S. military unilaterally to achieve these goals.

So who are the Taliban? ?

1978 1979 Origins of the Taliban Civil war breaks out btwn Soviet-led Afgahn forces against multi-national insurgent groups. Communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) seized power in Afghanistan

Help from the U. S. “The enemy of my enemy is my friend” Stinger Missile Operation Cyclone

After (post) Soviet-Afghan War Taliban New group

Who is Bin Laden and al Qaeda? ?

During Soviet-Afghan War (1979 -1989) S PON A E W $$$$

After the Soviet-Afghan War Al Qaeda New group

al Qaeda in Sudan (19891996)

al Qaeda in Afghanistan (1996 - ? ) Bin Laden Returns to Afghanistan

“Our war on terror begins with Al Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group…has been found, stopped and defeated. Freedom and fear are at war. The advance of human freedom…now depends on us. ”

And tonight the United States of America makes the following demands on the Taliban: • Deliver to United States authorities all of the leaders of al Qaeda who hide in your land.

Taliban refuses without “evidence” – the U. S. on October 7, 2001 launches air strikes

Who helped al Qaeda plan/prepare for the attacks of 9/11 and possess weapons of mass destruction? North Korea n a r I “AXIS OF EVIL” Iraq

FLASHBACK to 1990 Saddam Hussein

“The United States will use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf. ” - Carter Doctrine (1980) Remember me?

PERSIAN GULF WAR

1990 - Iraq invaded The U. S. quickly drove Kuwait Iraqi army from Kuwait Fearing that Iraqi The U. S. stayed in dictator Saddam Saudi Arabia Hussein might next attack Saudi Arabia, Outraged Laden Bush rushedbin troops who affront to thedeemed Persianan Gulf. to their faith and as part of a Western plan to destroy Islam. PERSIAN GULF WAR

al Qaeda in Sudan (19891996)

al Qaeda in Afghanistan (1996 - ? ) Bin Laden Returns to Afghanistan

Who helped al Qaeda plan/prepare for the attacks of 9/11 and possess weapons of mass destruction? North Korea n a r I “AXIS OF EVIL” Iraq

Secretary of State Colin Powell holds up a bottle of anthrax in his 2003 UN address.

March 20, 2003 – the U. S. attacks Iraq

War in Afghanistan Timeline (20012000 present) Taliban collapses? Oct 2001 U. S. begins attack of Taliban ? End of 2001 2002 -2003 “End to major combat” U. S. pledges to help rebuild Afghanistan “A Marshall Plan For Afghanistan” On Feb. 17, 2009, Obama approves sending 17, 000 U. S. troops, on top of the 36, 000 troops already there. 2004 2005 The Taliban begins to regroup and attack U. S. troops. 2007 2009 2010 2011 U. S. halts withdrawal, the Taliban controls or contests over 70 districts 2016 and ISIS/ISIL establishes presence and begins to recruit fighters. The first democratic elections are held 2014 2015 x Osama bin Laden killed in Pakistan Obama announces that U. S. combat operations in Afghanistan would end in December 2014, but 9, 800 troops would remain in the country.

Bush delivers “Axis of Evil” speech Iraq War Timeline (20032000 present) 2002 U. S. begins air strikes in Iraq 2003 Saddam Hussein Is captured Widespread sectarian violence between Shias and Sunnis often executed by a militant group that would become ISIS. 2005 2007 2008 U. S. responds with troop surge 2010 2014 2015 2016 “Mission Accomplished!” The winding down of U. S. involvement in Iraq accelerated under President Barack Obama. The U. S. formally withdrew all combat troops from Iraq 2011 Iraqi insurgency surged in the aftermath of the U. S. withdrawal. Obama authorizes airstrikes against ISIL and humanitarian aid Suicide bomber kills 17 people 2004 The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took over the cities of Mosul and Tikrit.