WhiteCollar Crime Chapter Twelve WhiteCollar Crime n Industrial

White-Collar Crime Chapter Twelve

White-Collar Crime n Industrial Revolution – n Captains of Industry: n Andrew Carnegie (Steel) n J. P. Morgan (Banking) n John D. Rockefeller (Oil) n Cornelius Vanderbilt (Railroads) n Muckrakers - Robber Barons, Criminaloids

White-Collar Crime n Edwin Sutherland – 1940’s coined the term “White-Collar Crime. ” n “…a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. ” n “…respectability and high social status” n “…course of his occupation”

White-Collar Crime n White-Collar Crime – (Siegel) n …illegal acts that capitalize on a person’s status in the marketplace. n Illicit Entrepreneurship – n Difference between White-collar crime and Organized Crime?

Illicit Entrepreneurship n White-Collar Crimen …illegal activities of people/institutions whose acknowledged purpose is profit through legitimate business transactions n Organized Crime – n …illegal activities of people/organization whose acknowledged purpose is profit through illegitimate business enterprise.

White-Collar Crime n Other Terms for White-Collar Crime n Elite Deviance n Respectable Crime n Upperworld Crime n Types – Clinard & Quinney n Occupational n Corporate

White-Collar Crime n Clinard & Quinney – Types of WCC n Occupational Crime – n “…is committed by individuals in the course of their occupation for personal gain. ” n Corporate Crime – n “…crime committed by corporations. ”

Occupational Crime n Law Breaking for Personal Gain – n Employee Theft – n Pilferage n Embezzling n Fraud – (Professions) n Physicians – Health care, improper billing, Medicaid Fraud, unnecessary surgery.

Occupational Crime n Fraud – (Professions) Cont’d n Lawyers – n Billing clients for more time--- (Local examples) n Computer Crime -

Corporate Crime Organizational Criminality n Corporate Financial Crime – n Price Fixing, Price Gouging n False Advertising n Corporate Fraud – Antitrust violations

Corporate Crime Organizational Criminality n Corporate Violencen Workers and Unsafe Workplaces n Consumers and Unsafe Products n Automobile Industry n Pharmaceutical Industry n Food Industry n Public and Environmental Pollution

Components of White-Collar Crime n Other divisions of White-Collar criminality – Herbert Edelhertz n Ad-hoc violations – Committed episodically for personal gain. (Welfare fraud, tax cheating) n Abuses of trust – Committed by a person in a place of trust in an organization against the organization. (Embezzlement, bribery, taking kickbacks)

Components of White-Collar Crime n Collateral Business Crimes- Committed by organizations to further their business interests. (Antitrust violations, use of false weights/measures, concealment of environmental crimes) n Con Games – Committed for the sole purpose of cheating clients. (Fraudulent land sales, sales of bogus securities, sales of questionable tax shelters)