Which organelle produces most of the energy needed

Which organelle produces most of the energy needed by a cell? A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. ribosomes D. Golgi bodies 1

And the answer is… A. mitochondria

In what type of cells would you expect to find a lot of mitochondria? A. skin cells B. blood cells C. bone cells D. muscle cells 2

And the answer is… D. muscle cells

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between plant and animal cells. A. both contain ribosomes to produce proteins B. both contain chloroplasts to capture energy from the sun and convert it to food C. both contain chromatin that contain genetic information for the cell D. both contain a nucleolus where ribosomes are made 3

And the answer is… B. both contain chloroplasts to capture energy from the sun and convert it to food

Name two structures that are not found in the cell shown here but are found in plant cells. A. cell wall, chloroplasts B. cell wall, chromatin C. nucleolus, chloroplasts D. lysomes, nucleolus 4

And the answer is… A. cell wall, chloroplasts

What term means the smallest unit that is able to perform the basic functions of life? 5

And the answer is… cells

Which structure listed is responsible for direction of all of the cell’s activities? A. A B. B C. C D. D 6

And the answer is… D. D

What term means a structure that is made up of different tissues working together to perform a particular function? 7

And the answer is… organ

What term means an individual living thing made up of one or many cells that is capable of growing and reproducing? 8

And the answer is… organism

What is the function of a cell membrane A. to protect and support the cell B. to perform different functions in each cell C. to control what enters and leaves the cell D. to form a hard covering for the cell 9

And the answer is… C. to control what enters and leaves the cell

Which organelle is the control center of a cell? A. mitochondria B. ribosome C. chloroplast D. nucleus 10

And the answer is… D. nucleus

What term means a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job? 11

And the answer is… tissue

Two forms of the same gene are known as A. Alleles B. Chromosomes C. Genotypes D. Sex cells 12

And the answer is… A. Alleles

Long, thin fibers that carry information that controls the cell’s activities are A. Nucleic acids B. Dominant traits C. Recessive traits D. chromosomes 13

And the answer is… D. chromosomes

If you cross a white flower (with genotype pp) with a purple flower (with the genotype PP), the possible genotypes and phenotypes possible are A. PP B. Pp C. Purple flowers D. White flowers E. A and B only F. B and C only G. A , B and C only H. A, B, C and D only 14

And the answer is… F. B and C only

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is A. Probability B. Heredity C. Recessive D. Meiosis 15

And the answer is… B. Heredity

B is for brown eyes and b is for blue eyes. Cross a heterozygous with a homozygous recessive. What is the percentage of the offspring that are heterozygous? A. 25% B. 50 % C. 75% D. 0% 16

And the answer is… B. 50 %

H is for hairy fingers and h is for non-hairy fingers. Cross a heterozygous with a heterozygous. What are the phenotypes and genotypes? A. HH, hairy fingers B. Hh non-hairy fingers C. hh, non-hairy fingers D. Hh, hairy fingers E. A and B only F. B and D only G. A, B and C only H. A, B and D only I. A, C, and D only 17

And the answer is… I. A, C, and D only

If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype Bb, what are the possible genotypes for the offspring? A. BB B. bb C. Bb D. b. B E. A and B only F. A, B and C only G. A, B and D only H. A, C and D only I. B, C and D only J. A, B, C and D only 18

And the answer is… F. A, B and C only

What is the part of a chromosome that carries information for a specific trait called? A. Nucleic acid B. Gene C. Genotype D. Phenotype 19

And the answer is… B. Gene

A zygote is A. A male reproductive cell B. A female reproductive cell C. A newly formed cell after the union of a sperm and egg D. Both male and female reproductive cells 20

And the answer is… C. A newly formed cell after the union of a sperm and egg

Identify the statement that best states the difference between dominant and recessive traits. A. Recessive traits show up more often than dominant traits. B. Recessive traits show up as often as dominant traits. C. Recessive traits show up less often than dominant traits. D. Recessive and dominant traits are the same. 21

And the answer is… C. Recessive traits show up less often than dominant traits.

T is for thin lips and t is for full lips. Cross a homozygous dominant with a heterozygous. Identify the percentage of offspring with thin lips and the correct genotypes for thin lips. Choose all that apply. A. TT B. Tt C. 50% D. 100% 22

And the answer is… A , B, and D

A population of mice is evenly divided into two groups, and each group is placed on an isolated island with no existing mouse population. Which statement best explains the difference in the mouse populations on Island A and Island B at the end of 20 years? A. On Island A, the allele for gray fur was dominant, while on Island B, the allele for brown fur was dominant. B. More brown mice were in the half of the original population that was sent to Island B than in the group sent to Island A. C. Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A. D. The recapturing of mice on Island A and Island B was done differently. 23

And the answer is… C. Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A.

The base sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand that compliments the DNA base sequence ACGAT is A. TGCTA B. ACGAT C. CGCTA D. TGCAT 24

And the answer is… A. TGCTA

In a plant that has red flowers, red flower color, R, is completely dominant to white flower color, r. If the plant is heterozygous for flower color, which alleles will be carried by the gametes it produces? A. R and r B. R only C. r only D. Rr only 25

And the answer is… A. R and r

In pigeons, the allele for normal feathers (F) is dominant to the allele for frizzy feathers (f). If a purebred, normal-feathered bird (FF) is crossed with a frizzy-feathered (ff) bird how many different feather phenotypes are possible in the offspring? A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 26

And the answer is… A. 1

In humans, the allele for unattached earlobes (L) is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes (l). Based on the diagram, an offspring with attached earlobes is indicated in A. Box 1 B. Box 4 C. Boxes 2 and 3 D. Boxes 1, 2, and 3 27

And the answer is… B. Box 4

Which is an example of an acquired trait? A. Eye color B. Hair color C. Blood type D. Ability to read 28

And the answer is… D. Ability to read

The unit of heredity that determines a particular trait is known as A. Chromosome B. a gamete C. A gene D. A phenotype 29

And the answer is… C. A gene

A human female would have which set of sex chromosomes? A. XX B. YY C. XY D. Xx. Yy 30

And the answer is… A. XX

If one copy of a dominant allele is present in a genotype, then the trait is A. Expressed in the phenotype B. Not expressedi n the phenotype C. Partially expressed in the phenotype D. Not expressed in an offspring’s phenotype 31

And the answer is… A. Expressed in the phenotype

In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant, and the allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. If a BB male mates with a Bb female, what percentage of offspring are likely to have black fur? A. 100 percent B. 75 percent C. 50 percent D. 25 percent 32

And the answer is… A. 100 percent

If one parent has two dominant alleles and another parent has two recessive alleles, the offspring will have A. The recessive phenotype B. The dominant phenotype C. Two dominant alleles D. Two recessive alleles 33

And the answer is… B. The dominant phenotype

Cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes are A. Fertilized egg cells B. Gametes C. Alleles D. Diploid cells 34

And the answer is… B. Gametes

The process that produces haploid (1 n) cells is known as A. Mitosis B. Reproduction C. Meiosis D. Fertilization 35

And the answer is… C. Meiosis

What happens when fertilization occurs? A. Two 2 n cells combine in a new cell B. Two 1 n cells combine into a new cell C. Two 2 n daughter cells are produced D. Two 1 n daughter cells are produced 36

And the answer is… B. Two 1 n cells combine into a new cell

Which does not occur during meiosis? A. Four haploid daughter cells are produced. B. Two diploid daughter cells are produced. C. Only cells that are gametes are produced. D. Daughter cells are produced that contain half the chromosomes of the parent cell. 37

And the answer is… B. Two diploid daughter cells are produced.

Genes are sequences of DNA, which are made up of A. Nucleotides B. Chromosomes C. Phosphates D. Ribosomes 38

And the answer is… A. Nucleotides

What happens during replication? A. DNA is copied. B. RNA is copied. C. Ribosomes are made D. Proteins are made. 39

And the answer is… A. DNA is copied.

Which base is found only in RNA? A. Thymine B. Guanine C. Thymine D. Uracil 40

And the answer is… D. Uracil

The main function of m. RNA in protein synthesis is to A. Transfer amino acids to a ribosome B. Carry proteins to the ribosome C. Transcribe genes from DNA D. Connect nucleotides together 41

And the answer is… C. Transcribe genes from DNA

Proteins are made up of a sequence of A. Chromosomes B. Amino acids C. Nucleotides D. Base pairs 42

And the answer is… B. Amino acids

Mutations are changes in A. DNA B. The cell cycle C. t. RNA D. Proteins 43

And the answer is… A. DNA

Which is a known cause of genetic mutations? A. Poor nutrition B. Malaria C. UV radiation D. Cancer 44

And the answer is… C. UV radiation

A pedigree shows A. How proteins are synthesized B. How members of a family are related C. Where mutations are located in a sequence of DNA D. Which triplet of bases matches up with a particular amino acid. 45

And the answer is… B. How members of a family are related

The main goal of the Human Genome Project was to A. Find cures for genetic diseases B. Find all mutations in human DNA C. Count the number of genes in human DNA D. Sequence all DNA on human chromosomes 46

And the answer is… D. Sequence all DNA on human chromosomes

Genetic engineering involves A. Inserting changed DNA into an organism B. Cross-breeding plants C. Testing new medicines for genetic diseases D. Using x-rays to change DNA 47

And the answer is… A. Inserting changed DNA into an organism

What percentage of pea plants showed the dominant phenotype? A. 100 % B. 75 % C. 50 % D. 25 % 48

And the answer is… B. 75 %

What percentage of pea plants showed the recessive phenotype? A. 100 % B. 75% C. 50% D. 25% 49

And the answer is… D. 25%

What is the genotype of the dwarf pea plants? A. DD B. Dd C. dd D. Cannot tell 50

And the answer is… C. dd

What are the possible genotypes of the regular pea plants? A. DD and dd B. DD and Dd C. Dd and dd D. cannot tell 51

And the answer is… B. DD and Dd

What are the genotypes of the parents? A. Dd and dd B. DD and Dd C. Dd and Dd D. dd and dd 52

And the answer is… C. Dd and Dd

Which statement is true, based on the data in the chart? A. If both parents were Dd, then none of the offspring would be dwarf. B. If both parents were DD, then none of the offspring would be dwarf. C. If one parent were Dd and the other were dd, then none of the offspring would be regular. D. If one parent were DD and the other parent were dd, then none of the offspring would be regular. 53

And the answer is… B. If both parents were DD, then none of the offspring would be dwarf.