Where are we Taxonomically Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Acanthopterygii

Where are we Taxonomically? Subdivision: Euteleostei Superorder: Acanthopterygii Series: Percomorpha Order: Perciformes

Percomorpha, part II Suborder Percoidei continued… Haemulidae: grunts Haemaleos = bloody (G) Pomacanthidae: angelfishes Toxotidae: archerfishes toxo (G) = bow pom (G) = opercle (cover) acanth = spine

Percomorpha, part II (Suborder) Labroidei Cichlidae: cichlids More than 1300 species, tremendous diversity in morpholgy and ecology Many are convergent with centrarchids Look for single nostril and distinctive broken lateral line Pomacentridae: damselfishes Poma- = opercle, centron = spine (G) (refers to pointed margin of opercle)

Percomorpha, part II (Suborder) Labroidei Scaridae: parrotfishes Labridae: wrasses labrum = lip or edge (L) Latin, sacrus = a fish described by ancient writers; 1601. Derived from Greek, skairo = to jump; due to the legendary jumps and tail bumps, very well known by ancient fishers

Percomorpha, part II Blennioidei Blenniidae: combtooth blennies blennos = similar to mucus; also a kind of fish applied to a species of ray. (g) Gobiesocoidei Gobiesocidae: clingfishes gobius = goby (l) + esox = nursery of salmon (g)

Percomorpha, part II Gobioidei Gobiidae: gobies Acanthuroidei Ephippidae: spadefishes ephippium = Saddle, similar in shape to a depression of the sphenoid bone

Percomorpha, part II Acanthuroidei Siganidae: rabbitfishes siganus = rabbit fish, by the similarity of the nose (L) Acanthuridae: surgeonfishes akantha = thorn + oura = tail (G)

Percomorpha, part II Scombroidei Sphyraenidae: barracudas Greek, sphyraina = a fish similar to an iron pin, a pike like fish Trichiuridae: cutlassfishes trich (G) = hair ur (G) = tail Scombridae: mackerels, tunas scomber = mackerel (L)

Percomorpha, part II Scombroidei Istiophoridae: billfishes istion = sail + pherein = to carry (G) Premaxilla and nasal bones produced, forming a spear-like bill or rostrum with a rounded cross-section. Gill membranes not united to isthmus. Very narrow pelvic fins. Jaw teeth present. Two keels on each side of caudal peduncle in adults. Dorsal fin extending over much of body length, sometimes resembling a sail. Dorsal fin can be depresssed into a groove. Lateral line persists in life. Vertebrae 24. Maximum length 4 m.

Percomorpha, part II Anabantoidei Gouramis: Belontiidae/ Osphronemidae Pelvic fins have elongated ray osphra, -as = smell + nema = filament (G)

Percomorpha, part II Pleuronectiformes pleuro (G) = side, nect (L) = bound Bothidae: left-eye flounders Pleuronectidae: right-eye flounders Soleidae: Soles Cynoglossidae: tongue fishes cyno (G) = dog, gloss (G) = tongue

Percomorpha, part II Tetraodontiformes Balistidae: triggerfishes (balist = catapult) Ostraciidae: box fishes, cowfishes, trunkfishes ostrac (G) = shell

Percomorpha, part II Tetraodontiformes Tetraodontidae: puffers tetr (G) = four odont (G) = teeth Diodontidae: porcupinefishes, burrfishes

Percomorpha, part II Tetraodontiformes Molidae: ocean sunfishes mola = millstone, by the shape of this fish