Wheelock XXV Infinitives Indirect Statement Infinitives We know

Wheelock XXV Infinitives Indirect Statement

Infinitives We know present active and present passive: Active Passive 1 st -āre -ārī 2 nd -ēre -ērī 3 rd/3 rd-io -ere -ī 4 th -īre -īrī

Infinitives However, each verb has six infinitives: Active Passive PRESENT -āre/-ēre/-ere/-īre -ārī/-ērī/-ī/-īrī PERFECT perfect stem + -isse perf. pass. participle + esse FUTURE fut. act. participle + [supine in -um + esse īrī]

Infinitives Example: agō, agere, ēgī, āctum = to lead Active Passive PRESENT agere, to lead agī, to be led PERFECT ēgisse, to have led actus, -a, -um esse, to have been led FUTURE āctūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to lead āctum īrī, to be about to be led

Practice Translate: laudāre cēpisse laudāturus esse monita esse capī laudārī • • •

Infinitives are used in INDIRECT STATEMENTS What on earth is an indirect statement? - Pretend Mr. Hudec said this to the class: Julia is a good student. - These are direct quotes: "Julia is a good student, " said Mr. Hudec said, "Julia is a good student. " - However, that can also be reported via indirect statement: Mr. Hudec said that Julia is a good student.

Infinitives are used in INDIRECT STATEMENTS The same thing happens in Latin. . . but it looks a little different: Mr. Hudecus dīxit Iūliam esse discipulam bonam. Note: 1. The subject of an indirect statement is always accusative (treat it as nominative) 2. The verb of an indirect statement is always an infinitive form. 3. You'll have to supply the word that.

Recognizing Indirect Statement • They are regularly employed after verbs of speech, mental activity, or sense perception (i. e. , saying, thinking, knowing, perceiving, feeling, seeing, hearing, etc. ) Saying: dīcō, negō, āit, nūntiō, narrō, scrībō, doceō, ostendō, moneō, petō o Knowing: sciō, nesciō, intellegō, memoriā teneō, discō o Thinking: cernō, cōgitō, crēdō, habeō, putō, spērō o Perceiving/Feeling: audiō, videō, sentiō, gaudeō o • Look for that main verb of speech/mental activity; find an accusative and infinitive in the following phrase

Practice 1. Gāius dīcit eam amāre eum. 2. Gāius dīcit eam amārī eō. 3. Putamus Marcum basiavisse puellam. 4. Sciō Cicerōnem fugiturum esse.

Tricky Part: Time 1. The present infinitive indicates same time as main verb (contemporaneous infinitive) 2. The perfect infinitive indicated time before the main verb (prior infinitive) 3. The future infinitive indicates time after the main verb (subsequent infinitive)

Time: Let me put it this way Dīcunt (They say) Dīxērunt (They said) Dīcent (They will say) eum iuvāre eam that he is helping her eum iūvisse eam that he helped her eum iūtūrum esse eam that he will help her eum iuvāre eam that he was helping her eum iūvisse eam that he had helped her eum iūtūrum esse eam that he would help her eum iuvāre eam that he is helping her eum iūvisse eam that he helped her eum iūtūrum esse eam that he will help her

Examples: 1. Gāius dīcit sē iūvisse eam. 2. Gāius dīxit eum iūvisse eam. 3. Gāius dīcit litterās ā sē scrīptās esse. 4. Discipulī putant sē Latīnam amātūrōs esse. 5. Magistra scīvit discipulās Latīnam amātūrās esse.

Sententiae Antīquae 6. Id factum esse nōn negāvit. 7. Hīs rēbus prōnūntiātīs, eum esse hostem scīvistī. 8. Eum ab hostibus exspectārī nunc sentīs. 9. Vīdī eōs in urbe remānisse et nōbīscum esse. 10. Idem crēdō tibi faciendum esse. 11. Hostibus sē in cīvitātem vertentibus, senātus Cincinnāto nūntiāvit eum factum esse dictātōrem.

Sententiae Antīquae 12. Tē esse fidēlem mihi sciēbam. 13. Dīcō tē, Pyrrhe, Rōmānōs posse vincere. 14. Sōcratēs putābat sē esse cīvem tōtīus mundī. 15. Negāvī, autem, mortem timendam esse. 16. Illī magistrī negant quemquam virum esse bonum nisi sapientem. (quisquam = anyone; any)

Hīc alius magnus timor (Ō fābula misera!) animōs caecōs nostrōs terret. Lāocoōn, sacerdōs Neptūnī fortūnā factus, taurum ad āram in lītore mactābat. Tum geminī serpentēs potentēs, mare prementēs, ab īnsulā ad lītora currunt. Iamque agrōs tenēbant et, oculīs igne ardentibus, ōra linguīs sībilīs lambēbant. This is a really good story but with very little indirect statement. Give it to them to translate sometime. It's fun.

Wheelock 25 Vocabulary 1. ferōx, ferōcis (gen. ) 6. nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī… 2. geminus, -a, -um 7. spērō, spērāre, spērāvī… 3. patefaciō, patefacere… 8. āit, āiunt 4. iaceō, iacēre, iacuī 9. dehinc 5. putō, putāre… 10. lingua, -ae 11. When one item is subjacent to another, it literally _____ it. 12. The penultimate item in a series is _______. 13. Sapience, or the potential to be _____, separates us from the beasts. 14. A credulous person is excessively ready to ______ things. 15. Provide an English derivative from 1 -10.

Wheelock 25 Grammar Quiz 1. Provide an infinitive chart (Latin and English) for crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum. (12 points) 2. The verb contained within an indirect statement is in what form? (3 points) 3. The subject of an indirect statement is in what case? (3 points) 4. Translate the following sentences; underline the indirect statement. (3 points each) 1. 2. 3. 4. Tē esse fidēlem mihi sciēbam. Sciō Cicerōnem fugiturum esse. Vīdī eōs in urbe remānisse et nōbīscum esse. Id factum esse nōn negāvit.

Bonus 1. Bene sciō mē multa nescīre. 2. When might a woman experience post partum depression? 3. You may make an additional comment after the script of a letter by adding P. S. What would you put if you added another?