Whats coming up Natalie Warren will be here

What’s coming up? Natalie Warren will be here Nov 26 Mixed reviews on panel vs. cases Chose to save panel, replacing Troubled Waters Peruvian Papas a la Huancaina

Our end-game • We have an impaired waterway (for Phos) • We are legally obligated to implement (well, at least build) a TMDL • Natural conditions elevate phosphorus • How do we fairly weave natural conditions into our decision making?

To do that, let’s try to understand floodplains • Complicated, dynamic, complex, fascinating • What can we learn about them? • Choose an abstract; read to understand it • Find one item in there that is “worthy of sharing” (i. e. , interesting, questionable, confusing, relevant) • We’ll each (each) share that

Salmon of the river In Minnesota, they are steelhead We’ll go to the Pacific Northwest Chinook: Largest of the seven species. 4 -10 years at sea; spawn in main stem of rivers

Silver or Coho; 3 rd largest; 2 -3 years at sea. Spawn in upper reaches of rivers Pink, 3 -5 lbs. 1 -2 years at sea Return only in odd numbered years (in Washington) (Salmon can count? )

Steelhead: Spring spawner in fast flowing upper reaches Same species in Lake Superior

Salmon life cycle

Anadromous—born fresh water—migrate downstream to grow; return to original stream & reproduce Semelparity—die after spawning Fry emerge from gravel; active feeders Parr marks are forms of camouflage Coho Fry Steelhead Fry Chinook Fry

Migrate to estuary; prepare for marine/lake life Adult size depends on: Duration in ocean/lake, genetics, ocean/lake conditions Return as adult Chemoreceptors find home stream. Every river/ stream has its own unique chemical signature based on geology

Salmon Carcasses Return 95% of ocean nutrients to our ogliotrophic streams; serve as food for multitudes of scavengers including young salmon fry

Limiting Factors • Genetic diversity • Access to spawning habitat • Cool clean water: 45 -55 F • Food: diet is 50% aquatic/50% terrestrial • Clean gravel (thus significance of soil BMPs and riparian zone management) • Cover: large woody debris (LWD), undercut banks, rootwads • Balanced predator populations

Clean Gravel Large Woody Debris Critical salmon habitat for Cover, avoiding strong currents, finding food, lowering water temp

Riparian zones create shade = cooler water = more oxygen, thus greater biodiversity Also serve as source of LWD and keep gravel clean by trapping sediments

1 Patrick Christina Sai Claire Juienna Abby Marcus Macie Aliana Kasey Pazey Tiedra Sabrina Maria Sophie 2 Josh Louise Emma Cole Anna Robert Mao Ashley Tyrese Tricia Stein Tom 3 Matt Sydney Samantha Ananya Harrison Karre Salmon discipline groups 3 1 2

Thus our questions and structure • In groups of 2 -3, refresh your thoughts about Part I and answer the four questions • We’ll talk about those

Our questions and structure Do you see evidence that nutrients get incorporated into the forest? Why do we care about C/N ratio in this context? How do seasonal change in nutrients demonstrate nutrient source? Other than different species, do these two papers tell you anything different?

This is a typical jig saw and we re-convene Wednesday That means there are Discipline-specific materials on Canvas that you should read and understand by class

When we get back together Monday We’ll meet in six Discussion groups