What were the causes and effects of the

n Prior to WWI, Russia was ruled by Czar Nicholas II under an absolute

n During the czar’s rule, his family, nobles, and priests lived well, while the

n The czar entered Russia into WWI, which resulted in Russia suffering heavy military

n These conditions helped cause the Russian Revolution, during which the Russian army and

n The peasants turned to a revolutionary group known as the Bolsheviks, who were

n Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained the peasants’ support by promising “Peace, Bread, and

n After taking control of Russia, Lenin had Russia sign a peace treaty with

n Lenin based his rule on the communist ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich

n Lenin and the Communists politically controlled and reorganized Russia, turning it into a

n Under Lenin, the Communists used violence to force control and eliminate any opposition

n After Lenin died, Joseph Stalin became the Soviet Union’s new leader.

n Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union was a period of censorship and terror.

n For example, Stalin used purges and public trials to eliminate any opposition to

n Stalin established a command economy in the Soviet Union, in which the government

n Under Stalin’s economic programs, called Five-Year Plans, the Soviet Union increased its industrial

n However, a major effect of Stalin’s economic programs was a widespread food shortage

Slides: 17

Download presentation

What were the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution? Notes #23

n Prior to WWI, Russia was ruled by Czar Nicholas II under an absolute monarchy.

n During the czar’s rule, his family, nobles, and priests lived well, while the Russian peasants lived in poverty.

n The czar entered Russia into WWI, which resulted in Russia suffering heavy military losses and shortages in food and fuel. Rasputin

n These conditions helped cause the Russian Revolution, during which the Russian army and peasants revolted and forced the czar to step down.

n The peasants turned to a revolutionary group known as the Bolsheviks, who were led by Vladimir Lenin Communist Party flag (which the Bolsheviks later become)

n Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained the peasants’ support by promising “Peace, Bread, and Land” and took over the Russian government.

n After taking control of Russia, Lenin had Russia sign a peace treaty with Germany, ending its involvement in WWI. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)

n Lenin based his rule on the communist ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and later had the Bolsheviks change their name to the Communist Party.

n Lenin and the Communists politically controlled and reorganized Russia, turning it into a federation of socialist republics, called the Soviet Union (or U. S. S. R. ). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922– 1991)

n Under Lenin, the Communists used violence to force control and eliminate any opposition in the Soviet Union.

n After Lenin died, Joseph Stalin became the Soviet Union’s new leader.

n Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union was a period of censorship and terror. NKVD secret police agency

n For example, Stalin used purges and public trials to eliminate any opposition to himself and his government.

n Stalin established a command economy in the Soviet Union, in which the government determined the type and quantity of goods produced.

n Under Stalin’s economic programs, called Five-Year Plans, the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by developing heavy industry. Five-Year Plan propaganda posters

n However, a major effect of Stalin’s economic programs was a widespread food shortage throughout the Soviet Union. An estimated 14 million people died of starvation in the Soviet Union