What type of citizenship education What type of

'What type of citizenship education? What type of citizen? ' Henry Maitles Professor of Education University of the West of Scotland 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: humanity Never Again ‘I am a survivor of a concentration camp. My eyes saw what no man should witness. Gas chambers built by learned engineers. Children poisoned by educated physicians. Infants killed by trained nurses. Women and babies shot and burned by high school and college graduates. So, I am suspicious of education. My request is: help your students become more human. Your efforts must never produce learned monsters, skilled psychopaths, educated Eichmanns. Reading, writing, Arithmetic are important only if they serve to make our children more humane’. 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: democracy 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: democracy and rights 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: enterprise? 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: social justice 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: equality 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: Islamophobia 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Education for citizenship: some impacting factors • • United Nations Convention on Children’s Rights Worries as to youth alienation Poverty ‘No such thing as society? ’ or social inclusion Globalisation Devolution Europe 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: youth alienation 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Why Citizenship? Why Me? UK teens 'worst in Europe' 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Youth alienation? mods and rockers riots 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Youth alienation? : punks 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

UN convention on children’s rights: • Article 12: ‘The right to freely express an opinion in all matters affecting him/her and to have that opinion taken into account’. • Article 14: ‘The right to meet together with other children and join and form associations’. • Article 29: ‘The right to an education which prepares her/him for an active responsible life as an adult in a free society’. • Article 31: ‘The right to rest and leisure’. 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Article 12 states that children have the right to participate in decision making processes that may be relevant in their lives and to influence decisions taken in their regard—within the family, the school or the community. 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: rights and responsibilities 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Education for citizenship: fun 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Education for Citizenship: main themes Knowledge and Understanding • Social Justice • Diversity • Globalisation • Sustainability • Peace and Conflict Skills • Critical thinking • Ability to argue effectively • Ability to challenge injustice • Ability to act and participate in the community Values and Attitudes • Sense of identity and self esteem • Empathy • Commitment to social justice • Respect for diversity • Tolerance • Concern for the environment • Belief that people can make a difference 9/30/2020 (OXFA BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Education for Citizenship: butterfly or caterpillar? ‘Adding wings to caterpillars does not create butterflies - it creates awkward and disfunctional caterpillars. Butterflies are created through transformation’ (Stephanie Pace Marshall (1996) 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Implementing education for citizenship in teaching: the cuts 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Education for Citizenship: exam pressures 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Citizenship: Poverty and Educational Attainment The research evidence is that the best correlation with educational attainment is parental Income. BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? One World Programme • • All S 1 (year 7) pupils (+ feeder primary pupils); All off timetable for 12 days; Active learning at its core; Days 1 -2: ‘Learning for Life’; Days 3 -7: ‘Citizenship in the Curriculum’; Days 8 and 10: UNICEF activities; Days 9 and 11: trips and workshops outside school relating to Scotland diversity; • Day 12: Holocaust and Genocide day. 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? Findings 1: Equality 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? : Findings 2: Multi-Ethnicity 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? : Findings 4: Challenging Racism 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? : Gender issues 4 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? : Gender issues 3 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? Gender issues 2 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? Gender issues 1 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? Conclusions • • Overall, there is evidence of a general improvement in values and attitudes after the pupils undertook the initiative; the two areas that may need some examination in terms of overall strategy are attitudes towards English people and gay people. Negative attitudes towards both are problematic and may not be challenged anywhere in a way that other aspects of discrimination are. • The gender issues are perhaps predictable from previous research from other places but are nonetheless stark. There is going to be no easy way to deal with this. Girls in this sample are not only outperforming boys academically but are displaying a more balanced and sophisticated social outlook in general. 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011

Better Values? Better Attitudes? : the research Henry Maitles (2010): Citizenship initiatives and pupil values: a case study of one Scottish school's experience, Educational Review, 62, 4 pp 391 – 406. Henry Maitles and Erin Mc. Kelvie (2010): Why Does Wearing A Yellow Bib Make Us Different? : A Case Study of Explaining Discrimination in a West of Scotland Secondary (High) School, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 8(1), 246 -261. http: //www. jceps. com/index. php? page. ID=article&article. ID=183 9/30/2020 BEMIS Citizenship Conference: 27 October 2011