What to do with Space Station Poo 1

What to do with Space Station Poo 1

What to do with Space Station Poo SEND IT TO THE MOON David Heck Advanced Manufacturing Research & Development Boeing – Phantom Works, St. Louis, Mo 2

What to do with Space Station Poo Space Shuttle Return to Flight July 2005 Discover • Returned with 13 tons of ISS trash • 26, 000 pounds total • old equipment, packaging, wiring • waste water, human waste, etc 3

What to do with Space Station Poo • Returned with 13 tons of ISS trash (2 years worth) • 26, 000 pounds total • old equipment, packaging, wiring • waste water, human waste, etc • Paid lots of $$ to get it to orbit • Paying more to bring it home 4

What to do with Space Station Poo 5

What to do with Space Station Poo 6

What to do with Space Station Poo 7

What to do with Space Station Poo Shower Head Vacuum Hose 8

What to do with Space Station Poo Vacuum Hose Sit here Footrest 9

What to do with Space Station Poo 10

What to do with Space Station Poo Space Station Waste Estimate 589 (5) 231 (5) 11

What to do with Space Station Poo 589 (5) 231 (5) • 3558 g/CM-d TOTAL • 1918 g Human Waste = 54% • 423 g bio-degradable • Total degradable = 66% In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) 12

What to do with Space Station Poo • 26, 000 pounds total of trash • old equipment, packaging, wiring • waste water, human waste, etc • Based on typical ISS output, • 54% human waste • 66% bio-related • Actual composition: • 14, 410 lbs. human waste • 1, 600 lbs. other bio-degradable 13

What to do with Space Station Poo Why is this important ? Launch costs are prohibitive • Delta IV Medium – • $130 million puts 25, 000 pounds in LEO • about $5000 per pound to LEO • Can land 4400 pounds on Lunar surface • $30, 000 per pound to Lunar surface 14

What to do with Space Station Poo 15

What to do with Space Station Poo Why In-Situ ? • 6 ounce can of Wasabi Peas - $11, 250 • 12 bottle of ketchup - $22, 500 • Not having to ship EVERYTHING up from the Earth - C I R P S S ELE 16

What to do with Space Station Poo Living off the land In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) 17

What to do with Space Station Poo 18

Lunar Landings, circa 1970 What to do with Space Station Poo • 6 Apollo • 3 Luna • 840 lbs. • Wash U. regional node for analysis 11 19

What to do with Space Station Poo 4. 5 % Titanium 6% 5. 5 % 40 % 14 % 19 % 20

What to do with Space Station Poo 40% oxygen – rocket oxidizer, O 2 19 % silicon – glass & ceramics 14% iron - iron & steel products – construction 6% Titanium - high temperature & spacecraft 5. 5% Aluminum – light weight spacecraft parts 4. 5%Magnesium – light weight parts, alloy element Others: Chrome, Manganese, Sulphur, Potassium, Carbon (00. 014%) • 850 pounds from 6 sites. What else could we find ? 21

What to do withof Space Poo Composition Lunar. Station Samples 22

Composition of Lunar Samples What to do with Space Station Poo 23

What to do with Space Station Poo Lunar Industry • Mining • Robotic Sweeper – 2 foot wide, 1 inch regolith depth • Moving at 1 mile per hour (5280 ft per hour = 1. 5 ft per sec) • Gathers 880 ft 3 PER HOUR = 10 ft x 8. 8 feet high • @13% Iron, 25% utilization yields 28 ft 3 of IRON = 42 - 4 ft X 1 inch sheets PER HOUR ! ADD Carbon = STEEL 24

What to do with Space Station Poo Lunar Industry • Ground transport • lunar bus, carts, miners, rovers • Maglev trains & tracks • Mass driver launchers • Structures • blast deflectors, reflectors, antennas, sun shades • tanks, towers, rails/tracks • habitats, work areas • power transmission • Systems • Gas & fluid processing equipment & machines • Waste processing & recycling • Power generation & transmission 25

What to do with Space Station Poo Spherical Tanks “Stick” Reflectors 26

What to do with Space Station Poo Lunar Industry 27

What to do with Space Station Poo How do we get it there ? • Three main steps • Push into Trans-Lunar Injection trajectory • Brake into Lunar orbit (LOI) • De-orbit & land on the Moon • Requires lots of Fuel 28

What to do with Space Station Poo How do we get it there ? • Easy Way • Upper Stage Chemical Rocket booster • Traditional rocket powered Lander • Lots of mass to push to Moon • Requires lots of Fuel • How Much ? ? 29

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo • Data from NASA Apollo 11 Press Kit • Shows spacecraft weight delivered to LEO (Low Earth Orbit) • Shows weights for each portion of Apollo 11 • Command & Service Module • L. E. M. (Descent and Ascent stages) • Various sub-systems (water, ECS package, etc. ) • Propellant weights for each stage, engine specs • Allows calculation of “Parametric” values 30

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo 31

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo 32

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo 33

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo Trans Lunar Injection Summary • For every 10, 000 lbs in LEO, Apollo puts 3300 lbs in TLI • Requires LOX/LH 2 J-2 class engines • Payload Ratio is. 33 • Delta II (7925 H-10 L) can place 10, 120 lbs in LEO • Current MB-60 engine is higher performance than J-2 • Isp = 467 versus Isp = 420 for J-2 • Required propellant = 10, 120*. 666*(420/467) = 6019 lbs • Payload to LLO = 10, 120 -6019 = 4101 lbs (extra 761#) • Delta IV (5, 4) can place 25, 300 lbs in LEO • Propellant = 15, 048 lbs • Payload to TLI = 10, 252 lbs • Payload Ratio is. 33 34

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo Lunar Orbit Insertion • Apollo Summary • Command Service Module/LEM weight at TLI = 100, 369 • LOI Propellant used = 12, 011 lbs MMH/NTO • Apollo Isp = 318 versus Isp = 338 for RS-72 • Fuel fraction =. 112 ……. Payload fraction =. 887 • Delta II (TLI = 4101 lbs) payload to LLO = 3, 639 lbs • Delta IV (5, 4) (TLI = 10, 252) payload to LLO = 9, 099 lbs • Payload Ratio is. 887 35

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo Lunar LANDING • Apollo Summary • LEM weight 33, 205 (Apollo 11) • Descent Propellant used = 18, 100 lbs MMH/NTO • Payload to Lunar Surface = 14, 501 lbs …. • Apollo Isp = 318 versus Isp = 338 for RS-72 • Apply to LEM weights, current fractions are … • Fuel fraction =. 513 ……. Payload fraction =. 487 • Delta II (LLO = 3639 lbs) payload to Lunar Surface = 1, 772 lbs • Delta IV (LLO = 9, 099) payload to Lunar Surface = 4431 lbs !!!! • Payload fraction =. 487 36

* Poo What. Lessons to do with Space Station from Apollo Summary of TLI, LOI, LL • TLI fraction =. 33 • L Landing =. 487 LOI fraction =. 887 • Delta IV (5, 4) puts 25, 300 lbs in LEO • Lands 4431 pounds on the surface = 17% Payload • For our 8, 800 pounds of … schtuff, we need 52, 000 pounds of fuel • @ $5, 000 per pound, cost = $258, 000 37

What to do with Space Station Poo Other Ideas • Mars Rover Landing Bag • Ion Propulsion • ISP = 8, 000 vs. 460 for LH 2 • Fuel weight now 4, 000 lbs • Cost is $20, 000 38

What to do with Space Station Poo IS THIS REALLY GOING TO HAPPEN ? US South Pole Research Station University of Arizona Controlled Environment Ag. Center http: //ag. arizona. edu/ceac/CEACresearch/International/004. htm 39

What to do with Space Station Poo University of Arizona Controlled Environment Ag. Center 40

What to do with Space Station Poo University of Arizona Controlled Environment Ag. Center Mars Simulation Development Unit http: //ag. arizona. edu/ceac/CEACresearch/International/004. htm 41

What to do with Space Station Poo 42