What is Your Nonverbal Communication Saying 2019 Central

What is Your Nonverbal Communication Saying? 2019 Central Ohio AGA Regional Professional Development Training Keirsten Moore, Ph. D. – Associate Provost; Professor, School of Management Leadership, Capital University Deanna Wagner, M. Ed. - Dean of Engagement and Success, Capital University October 30, 2019 1

Nonverbal Communication in the Workplace � The topic of nonverbal communication is widely addressed in many of today’s popular business publications and blogs. � “…it is estimated that 65 -93% of all human interaction is fueled by nonverbal cues (Birdwhistell, 1970)” (p. 1045) https: //youtu. be/ovo 7 u. A 8 Jr. Ck Bonaccio, S. , O’Reilly, J. , O’Sullivan, S. L. , & Chiocchio, F. (2016). Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1044– 1074. doi: 10. 1177/0149206315621146 2

Nonverbal Communication in the Workplace � Still, many of us don’t understand the impact of our nonverbal messages. More concerning is the fact that we are often unaware of the nonverbal messages we are sending. In this session, we will discuss what nonverbal communication is and learn how we can increase our awareness and use of nonverbal messages to increase the effectiveness of our communication. 3

What is Nonverbal Communication? “The sending and receiving of thoughts and feelings via nonverbal behavior” (p. 465) �Nonverbal communication: ◦ Is not linguistic ◦ May be vocalic or non vocalic ◦ Is a ubiquitous element of message conveyance ◦ Has the potential to communicate meaning ◦ Has both biological and cultural origins. ◦Ambady, N. , & Weisbuch, M. 2010. Nonverbal behavior. In S. T. Fiske, Can repeat, complement, accent, substitute or contradict verbal discourse. D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds. ), Handbook of social psychology: 464497. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 4

What About The Research? �The literature on nonverbal behavior is scattered across many disciplines of study, including communication, gender studies, cross-cultural studies, social psychology, anthropology and criminology. (p. 1045) �Management scholars have lagged behind in studying how non-verbal behavior affects organizational behavior. Bonaccio, S. , O’Reilly, J. , O’Sullivan, S. L. , & Chiocchio, F. (2016). Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1044– 1074. doi: 10. 1177/0149206315621146 5

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Body Codes 1. Kinesics 2. Physical appearance 3. Oculesics 6

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Body Codes – #1. Kinesics ◦ Communication through body movement (gestures, posture, gait, facial expressions) ◦ Can be controlled to varying degrees (genuine facial expressions are generally considered involuntary as is reddening when embarrassed) ◦ Biologic and Cultural elements 7

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Body Codes – #1. Kinesics ◦ What does your body language communicate to YOU? Cuddy, A. J. C. (2018). Presence: bringing your boldest self to your biggest challenges. New York: Back Bay Books. 8

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Body Codes – #2. Physical Appearance ◦ Communication through the way we look (height, weight, skin & eye color, clothing style, accessories, body art, grooming) ◦ Some alterable, some not ◦ Ascriptions of intelligence, competence, courage, and health are made based on appearance ◦ Stereotypes are often rooted in these interpretations 9

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Body Codes – #3. Oculesics ◦ Communication involving the eyes (eye gaze, eye contact, ocular expression) ◦ Also includes eye movements, blinking, and pupil dilation 10

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Sensory & Contact Codes 1. Haptics 2. Vocalics 3. Olfactics 11

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Sensory & Contact Codes #1. Haptics ◦ Use of physical touch �Functional-professional (Dr. ’s and patients) �Social-polite (handshakes, congratulatory hugs) �”Contact cultures” v. “Noncontact cultures” 12

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Sensory & Contact Codes #2. Vocalics ◦ The auditory aspects of the message ◦ Pitch, range, volume, accent, intonation Example: Uptalk 13

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Sensory & Contact Codes #3. Olfactics ◦ Communication through scent & smell �Natural Body Odor, Habits/Hygiene, Activity, Health ◦ Might be intentional or unintentional �hygiene or use of perfumes �some organizations adopt a “scent-free” policy �Hofer, M. , Collins, H. K. , Whillans, A. , & Chen, F. (2017). Olfactory Cues from Romantic Partners and Strangers Moderate Stress Responses. 14

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Spatiotemporal Codes 1. Proxemics 2. Chronemics 3. Environmental 15

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Spatiotemporal Codes #1. Proxemics • Use of personal space to communicate Cultural differences are important � North Americans: public = 8 ft. , professional = 4 to 8 ft. , friendly = 1. 5 to 4 ft. � 16

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Spatiotemporal Codes #2. Chronemics �Communicates “meaning about how time is perceived, interpreted, and used by a person or in a culture. ” (p. 1052) • Includes walking speed, work speed, promptness, punctuality, pacing. Ambady, N. , & Weisbuch, M. 2010. Nonverbal behavior. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds. ), Handbook of social psychology: 464497. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 17

Nonverbal Communication Codes �Spatiotemporal Codes #3. Environment � One’s surroundings convey meaning � Floorplan, artifacts, floorplan, décor 18

5 Functions of Non-Verbal Behaviors in Organizational Life 1. Displaying Personal Attributes information about personality, intentions, attitudes 2. Exercising Dominance and Establishing Hierarchy vertical dimension of relationships (control, submission) 3. Promoting Social Functioning (Affiliation, Followership) leadership, competence, prestige, persuasion 4. Fostering High Quality Relationships horizontal dimension of relationships (trust, commitment) 5. Displaying Emotions emotion contagion, emotional labor 19

References Ambady, N. , & Weisbuch, M. 2010. Nonverbal behavior. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds. ), Handbook of social psychology: 464 -497. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Bonaccio, S. , O’Reilly, J. , O’Sullivan, S. L. , & Chiocchio, F. (2016). Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1044– 1074. doi: 10. 1177/0149206315621146 Cuddy, A. J. C. (2018). Presence: bringing your boldest self to your biggest challenges. New York: Back Bay Books. Hofer, M. , Collins, H. K. , Whillans, A. , & Chen, F. (2017). Olfactory Cues from Romantic Partners and Strangers Moderate Stress Responses. 20