What is your niche Pattern of living How

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What is your niche? • Pattern of living. • How an organisms affects energy

What is your niche? • Pattern of living. • How an organisms affects energy flow within its ecosystem.

Chapter 17 Biological Communities

Chapter 17 Biological Communities

Section 17. 1 How Organisms Interact in Communities

Section 17. 1 How Organisms Interact in Communities

Evolution in Communities • The biodiversity of an ecosystem will play a large role

Evolution in Communities • The biodiversity of an ecosystem will play a large role in determining the other organisms in the ecosystem, and how the ecosystem will change over time.

Interactions Among Species • Some interactions are due to evolutionary history with other organisms

Interactions Among Species • Some interactions are due to evolutionary history with other organisms in the ecosystem. • Coevolution – Back-and-forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of a community

Predators and Prey Coevolve • Predation – One organism killing another food – Examples?

Predators and Prey Coevolve • Predation – One organism killing another food – Examples? • Parasitism – One organism feeds on or lives on another organism – Examples?

Plant Defenses Against Herbivores • Thorns, spines and prickles • Chemicals • Secondary compounds

Plant Defenses Against Herbivores • Thorns, spines and prickles • Chemicals • Secondary compounds – Chemicals used by plants to protect themselves from herbivores – May be their only defense

How Herbivores Overcome Plant Defenses • Some herbivores have the ability to breakdown or

How Herbivores Overcome Plant Defenses • Some herbivores have the ability to breakdown or overcome certain chemical defenses of plants.

Symbiotic Species • Symbiosis – 2 or more species living together in a close,

Symbiotic Species • Symbiosis – 2 or more species living together in a close, long-term relationship

Parasitism • Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed.

Parasitism • Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed.

Mutualism • Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. – Ants and aphids –

Mutualism • Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. – Ants and aphids – Others?

Commensalism • One species benefits and the other is neither harmed or benefits –

Commensalism • One species benefits and the other is neither harmed or benefits – Small fish and sea anemone – Others?

Section 17. 3 Major Biological Communities

Section 17. 3 Major Biological Communities

Climate’s Effect on Where Species Live • How does the climate in MN have

Climate’s Effect on Where Species Live • How does the climate in MN have an impact on where certain species live? • Climate – The average weather throughout the year in a certain area.

Temperature and Moisture • The 2 most important elements of climate • Temperature –

Temperature and Moisture • The 2 most important elements of climate • Temperature – Most organisms are geared for a ceratain temp. range – Growing season of plants – Reproduction of certain animals • Moisture – Required by all organisms – Warmer air can hold more moisture

Major Biological Communities • Both terrestrial and aquatic – Found on land in water

Major Biological Communities • Both terrestrial and aquatic – Found on land in water • Biome – A large region characterized by a specific climate and certain types of plants and animal communities. • Factors That Determine Where Biomes Occur: – – Temp. Precip. Soil type Water composition • p. H – Salt or Fresh

Competition • Biological interaction between 2 organisms using the same resource

Competition • Biological interaction between 2 organisms using the same resource

Niche • The role of a species within an ecosystem. A pattern of living

Niche • The role of a species within an ecosystem. A pattern of living and how it affects energy flow. – Diet – Reproduction – Time of Activity

Fundamental Niche • The range of resources an organism has the ability to utilize

Fundamental Niche • The range of resources an organism has the ability to utilize in an ecosystem.

Realized Niche • The part of the fundamental niche that an organism actually utilizes.

Realized Niche • The part of the fundamental niche that an organism actually utilizes.

MN Biomes • Coniferous Forest • Deciduous Forest • Prairie Grassland • Tallgrass Aspen

MN Biomes • Coniferous Forest • Deciduous Forest • Prairie Grassland • Tallgrass Aspen Parkland

MN Biomes • With your group, read through the information regarding your biome. •

MN Biomes • With your group, read through the information regarding your biome. • Take notes on your whiteboard and be prepared to share them with the class. • Be sure to take note of the climatic features of your biome. • Make sure to also include some of the interesting features of your biome.

MN Biomes • In the computer lab, Google search for MN Biomes • Go

MN Biomes • In the computer lab, Google search for MN Biomes • Go to the MN DNR website that provides information about each of MN’s biomes • Find the link that compares the characteristics of each biome • Add information to your outlines that was not discussed in class