What is What will be UNDER THE HOOD

What is What will be UNDER THE HOOD and IN THE TANK ? By John Zavalney

A one day introduction to ALTERNATIVE CLEAN FUEL for transportation I. Internal Combustion Engines A. How it works II. Fuels; pros & cons A. Fossil Fuels B. Efficiency 1. Gasoline C. Pros & Cons 2. Diesel D. Why Change B Alternatives 1. Electric 2. Hybrid 3. Hydrogen 4. Linkvolt

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) How it works http: //www. rkm. com. au/ANIMATIONS/animation-4 -stroke-engine. html

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) How it works • Combustion of a FUEL in a chamber • With an oxidizer usually air • Produces increases in temperature and pressure in the chamber • That pressure applies a force to a piston or turbine blade Detailed explanation and animation of how an ICE works • http: //auto. howstuffworks. com/engine 1. htm

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Efficiency About 12. 6% of the energy that goes into the tank is used to move the vehicle ICE engines lose 62. 4% to • Friction • Heat • Pumping air

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Efficiency How much of the energy from gasoline goes to moving you? http: //www. fueleconomy. gov/FEG/atv. shtml Planet Green How Stuff Works video clip http: //auto. howstuffworks. com/hybridgreenwash. htm

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Pros & Cons PROS • Relatively efficient (compared to an external combustion engine) • Relatively inexpensive (compared to a gas turbine) • Relatively easy to refuel (compared to an electric car) CONS • Rapidly decreasing availability of gasoline worldwide • Harmful exhaust emissions into atmosphere (CO, CO 2, hydrocarbons, etc. )

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? • In 1970, there were 200 million cars in the world 1 • In 1990, there were almost 500 million 1 • In 1997 there were over 600 million 2 • If present trends continue, the number of cars on Earth will double in the next 30 years 2

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? Cars in the USA are 33% larger than the average car in the world

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? • 600 gl: Average amount of gasoline consumed by one U. S. car each year. • 12, 000 lbs: Amount of carbon dioxide emitted from one U. S. car each year.

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Why Change? • The U. S. has less than 5% of the worlds total population. • U. S. car contribute almost 50% of the worlds automotive green house gases

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Fuel Options Fossil Fuels: Gasoline & Diesel PROS CONS • Less expensive than other fuels • Made from a petroleum not common in the U. S. • Less expensive to run • Does not burn cleanly • It is a pollutant • Limited supply