What is the volume of each cube 1

What is the volume of each cube? 1

A. What is the density of each sample? A. Would each sample float or sink in pure water? 2

What is the highest possible location of point X? 3

Draw a profile of the cross section labeled A-B 4

A. What state would you be in if you were located at 44 N, 122 W? B. What are the approximate coordinates of Richmond, VA? 5

What is the best reason for the variations in insolation at these locations? 6

Jason investigated the effect of various colored lights on plant growth. He hypothesized that plants grow taller under a blue light. He grew four bean planets: one under green light, one under red light, one under blue light, and one under white light. All plants received the same amount of light and water. Each type of plant was also grown in the same type of soil and the same size pot. Jason collected data on his plants each week for six weeks. After reviewing the data, Jason concluded that the bean plant grew best under blue light and that his hypothesis was correct. Why was Jason’s experiment NOT valid? 7

A. Draw a diagram of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during a lunar eclipse. B. During what moon phase can a lunar eclipse occur? C. Draw a diagram of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during a solar eclipse. D. During what moon phase can a solar eclipse occur? E. Why don’t solar and lunar eclipses occur every month? 8

A. Mercury rotates on an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. Which planet best represents Mercury’s rotation. B. Which planet most closely resembles Earth’s rotation? C. Uranus rotates on an axis that is close to parallel to the plane of its orbit. Which planet best represents Uranus? 9

Mars and Venus have close to equal percentages of CO 2 in their atmospheres, however Venus is very hot and experiences a runaway greenhouse effect. Mars, on the other hand, is much cooler and does not experience the same greenhouse effect. Explain what causes this difference. 10

A. A mineral is found to have a black streak, break apart into thin sheet, and is easily scratched with a fingernail. What mineral is being described? B. What is a major use of this mineral? 11

A. The cleavage of mica results form: f. alternating layers of silica and aluminum g. weak bonds between layers h. strong covalent bonds within dense carbonate clusters i. metallic bonds between all elements present B. Students on a geology field trip will identify mineral by their streak. Which of these should the students bring on the field trips? f. A long, pointed iron rod g. A disposable sample of talc h. A low-powered telescope i. Rough, white and black ceramic tiles C. A mineral is found to have a reddish brown streak. The mineral is most likely: f. magnetite g. sulfur h. hematite i. feldspar 12

Complete the table with the correct mineral group and uses. Sample Mineral Group Composition 1 Silicon and Oxygen 2 Oxygen and a Metal 3 Contains CO 3 Common Uses Jewelry, computers, electronics, scientific instruments manufacture of paper and detergents, neutralization of acids pigments, coatings for colored bricks, fireproofing agents Carbonates Silicates Oxides 13

Match each rock type with its environment of formation. 1. Igneous 2. Metamorphic 3. Sedimentary A. Rocks formed in depositional environments, when fragments of rocks and minerals are compacted and lithified into solid rock B. Rocks formed from volcanic activity at the surface of the Earth, or deep within the crust as chambers of magma cool and crystalize. C. Rocks formed from any other type of rock that is exposed to high levels of heat and pressure from forces within the Earth. 14

What type of rocks are layers 1, 2, and 3? Be specific (type and subgroup). Justify your answer with an explanation. 15

Complete the flow chart. Obsidian Granite Diorite Pumice 16

Complete the flow chart. Schist Marble Slate Gniess Quartizte 17

Complete the flow chart. Sandstone Shale Limestone Conglomerate Rock Salt Breccia 18

Complete the rock cycle. E A D B C 19

In order to protect aquifers near landfills, material is placed underneath the soil to prevent pollution. Which property must the protective material possess? A. High porosity B. Low permeability C. High reflectivity D. Low conductivity 20

A. Crushed stone is an economic resource second only to coal in Virginia. How is crushed stone mainly used? f. As building insulation g. In steel production h. For coal mine reclamations i. For construction materials B. A largely untapped renewable resource in the highlands of Virginia is: f. wind energy g. nuclear power h. natural gas i. tidal power 21

A. Pollution due to coal buring most frequently tends to affect lakes by: f. reducing the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide g. increasing acidity h. increasing radioactivity i. increasing the concentration of nutrients B. Which action would most likely reduce concerns related to how coal mining can harm the environment? f. reclaim the ecosystem after mining g. restrict mining operations to rural areas h. increasing the usage of the products being mined i. Decrease the amount of labor needed in the mines 22

A B C D 23

Label the seafloor features 24

Complete the table Type of Boundary Simple Diagram Features Formed Convergent- Continental/Continental Convergent- Continental/Oceanic Convergent- Oceanic/Oceanic Divergent- Continental/Continental Divergent- Oceanic/Oceanic Transform 25

Oceanic crust is (older/younger) and (thicker/thinner) than continental crust. Explain the causes of these differences. 26

A. Why don’t S-Waves travel through the Earth’s outer core? B. How do seismic waves help scientists understand the internal structure of the Earth? 27

A. Draw and label a simple diagram of Earth’s physical layers. B. Draw and label a simple diagram of Earths chemical layers. 28

A. Label each soil layer B. Which layer contain humus? C. What is humus composed of? D. Which layer is most likely to experience weathering and erosion? 29

A. What features are labeled 1 and 2? B. What types of rock does Karst Topography occur in? C. What region of VA is known for Karst topography? 30

A. Which wells would be successful in supplying water? B. Which rock layer contains the majority of the zone of aeration? C. Which rock layer contains the majority of the zone of saturation? D. Which rock layer would be the confining layer? 31

Label each major watershed in VA. 32

Order the layers from oldest to youngest 33

A. B. How many half lives have gone by when 12. 5% of Carbon-14 remains in a fossil? Approximately how long is the half-life of Carbon-14? 34

Decide if each statement id true or false: A. B. C. D. E. The climate at location A will have a milder climate than location C Location B will be primarily affected by m. P air masses Location D is affected by a warm ocean current that extends to Western Europe Location C will experience a wide range in average temperature values throughout the year Location A will experience a much harsher winter then location B or C 35

A. B. C. D. What geologic feature is creating the volcanic islands? Which island is oldest? Which island is volcanically active? Provide an example of where this type of land formation occurs. 36

A. About 2 billion years ago complex life began to evolve on Earth. What changes in Earth’s atmosphere allowed this evolution to occur? B. What caused this change in atmospheric composition to occur? 37

A. Why does the temperature increase as altitude increases in the stratosphere? B. What human activities have caused harm to this region of the atmosphere? 38

A. Which location recently experienced a drop in temperatures, thunderstorms, and a shift in wind direction from south to west/northwest? B. What caused these weather conditions to occur? C. What are the lines of equal pressure called? 39

What type of frontal boundaries are pictured? 40

Why did Hurricane Gustav increase in intensity over the Gulf of Mexico, and then decrease in intensity after making landfall? 41

A scientist who studies heat exchange through the Earth, oceans, and atmosphere is studying which type of thermal energy transfer ? 42

According to the HR Diagram, a star with a temperature of 3, 000 K and an Luminosity of 10 -3 would be classified as which type of star? 43

In which positions would the moon appear in a quarter moon phase to an observer on Earth? 44

What would be an appropriate title for this diagram? 45

Label each stage in the life cycle of a low mass star 46

Label each stage in the life cycle of a high mass star 47

Identify the following values: Temperature: Dew Point: Precipitation Type: Air Pressure: Wind Speed Wind Direction: Cloud Cover: 48

A. Infer what each dot on the diagram represents B. What type of plate boundary is shown? 49

What season is occurring in the Northern Hemisphere when t Earth is in position 1 -4? 50