What is Sociology Sociology The study of human

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What is Sociology? Sociology The study of human social life and social relationships. Social

What is Sociology? Sociology The study of human social life and social relationships. Social Structures & Processes Socialisation Feminism Social Structures The parts or institutions that make up society such as; families, education, religion…. Socialisa tion The process of learning society’s culture, norms and values. Feminism A movement that fights for gender equality in society. The Enlighten ment Era An 18 th Century revolution where people started explaining the world with science and reason. Auguste Comte First person to use the name ‘sociology’ Social Stratificati on Ways of ordering/placing some people in positions of power, and others in subordinate positions. Primary Socialisat ion Refers to early childhood learning, where we learn basic behaviour patterns and language skills. Patriarch y male domination of society and its institutions. Key Concepts E. Gs of social Stratificati on Apartheid Feudal system Slavery Caste system Class system Secondar y Socialisa tion Begins later in childhood and continues throughout our adult lives. Radical feminist A feminist who sees the oppression of women as based on patriarchy. Liberal feminist A feminist who sees the solution to female oppression as a change in law/policy and culture. Agents of Socialisa tion Groups and institutions responsible for this learning process. Marxist feminist A feminist who sees the oppression of women as based on patriarchy and capitalism. E. Gs of agents of socialisat ion Peer groups Schools Workplace Religion Media Family Equal pay and sex discrimin ation laws Laws introduced in Britain in the 1970 s to stop gender-based discrimination. Culture Norms Values The whole way of life of a particular society, including the values, norms, customs, beliefs, knowledge, skills and language. ’ The rules that define appropriate & expected behaviour in particular social settings. Social Processes Beliefs and ideas about what is seen as desirable or worth striving for in a society. E. Gs of social processes Processes in society that involve interaction between individuals, groups and social structures. Socialisation Social Control Labelling Discrimination

Functionalism Functionalis m Function Organic analogy Emile Durkheim A sociological approach that examines society’s

Functionalism Functionalis m Function Organic analogy Emile Durkheim A sociological approach that examines society’s structures in terms of the functions they perform for the continuation of society and for individuals. The job or role that a social structure such as the family fulfils for individuals or society. Marxism Proletaria t wage labourers who do not own any means of production and live by selling their labour to the bourgeoisie for wages. Bourgeois ie the ruling class who own the means of production. Capitalism An economic system that generates extreme wealth for the bourgeoisie. False Conscious ness The mistaken belief that capitalist society is basically fair and opportunities are open to all. The functionalist idea that society is like the human body – institutions (organs) must work together to keep society (the body) going. A founder of sociology, and one of the main figures in the development of functionalism as a perspective. The New Right/Neoliber alism Right wing political perspective that supports marketisation. Underclass People at the bottom of the social scale who rely on welfare benefits. Charles Murray Key New Right thinker – studied the underclass in USA and UK. Culture of dependency The idea that welfare encourages people to stay on benefits rather than work. Marketisatio n The process of bringing market forces (such as competition) into the public sector. Consensus vs. Conflict Consens us approach Order and stability in society depends on cooperation between individuals and groups. Functionalism is a consensus approach. Conflict approach The way society is structured gives power to some groups over others. Marxism and feminism are conflict approaches. Macro vs. Micro Macro Approac hes Macro approaches, also known as top down (functionalism, Marxism and Feminism) see society as made up of structures that influences our behaviour (i. e. patriarchy, capitalism…) Micro Approac hes Micro approaches, also known as bottom up (interactionism) think human actions can create/reproduce society’s structures. Max Weber Interactionism Interactio nism A perspective that focuses on how people interact on a daily basis. Power Social class divisions The ability to get what you want despite opposition. Based on the wealth, skills and qualifications.