WHAT IS SCIENCE Latin word scientia meaning knowledge

WHAT IS SCIENCE? • Latin word “scientia, ” meaning knowledge • Is a process of constructing, organizing, and testing explanations and predictions about the world around us.

ORIGIN • Originally considered a philosophy, or an investigation of everyday problems • Used by early hominids and humans to survive the day to day, any ideas how? • Science thrives on scaffolding, using what you know to figure out what you do not know.

pro et contra “for and against” • What are the advantages of using science? • Why? • What are the disadvantages? • Why?

Science in the Classroom • Why is the study of science vital to your success in this classroom, the work place, and in everyday situations? • Is science or the scientific process a learned or “innate” behavior?

SCIENCE 101 • You must use a scientific method! • What is a scientific method? • A scientific method is a technique for acquiring, investigating, correcting and integrating knowledge

Scientific Method • • Observation Problem Hypothesis Experiment Data Analysis Conclusion

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Observation – what do you see, smell, taste, touch, hear or “sense” • Good • Bad Divebums. com

National geographic

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Problem – what seems to be the problem? Issue? Question? Interest? National geographic

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Hypothesis – proposed explanation of observed problem based on what you know. National park service –dry tortugas Jefferycarrier. net

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Experiment – a test or procedure that will challenge your hypothesis in regards to your observed problem. • Accept / Support • Reject / Challenge National park service – dry tortugas

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Data – collected information from an experiment to test a hypothesis about a problem that was observed. • Once data has been collected it CANNOT be changed or altered. Why? • What are some examples of data that you might collect tagging animals?

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Analysis – a detailed examination or investigation of data with the intent of interpretation. • You randomly select and weigh 10 American men and women Weight Lbs. 175 220 120 200 180 200 150 165 190 M M F M M M F F Gender • Avg M 195 F 165 Center for Disease Control

O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Conclusion – a well-structured outcome or result using the analysis of the collected data which supports or rejects the hypothesis. • A rejected hypothesis is extremely important, knowing what something is not can help you discover what something is.

Scientific Experiment • Utilizes a scientific method, O. P. H. E. D. A. C • Tests a hypothesis made from an observed problem. • Experiments need to be designed so they can be repeated. Why? • The more tests/experiments performed the better the results. Why?

Experimental Design • Variables – liable to change, changeable. • Independent Variable (IV) - the variable that is changed, “input” • Dependent Variable (DV) – the variable that changes because of the IV, “output” • Control – used for comparison, shows “change” • Constant – a fixed variable that is not changed.

General Science • Science uses a “standard” language. Why? • “le systeme International d’unites” fr. for the International System of Units, SI units • What are some SI units?

SI units Name Symbol Quantity / Measure Metre/meter m Length Kilogram kg Mass Second s Time Ampere A Electric current kelvin K Temperature Candela cd Luminous intensity Mole mol Amount of substance

Metric Conversions • Metric and SI units have a organized system for conversions Kilo Hecta Deka Base Deci Centi Milli 1000 x 10 x liter, meter, gram 1/1000

A. SI Prefix Conversions 532 m 0. 532 km = _______ khdbdcm

A. SI Prefix Conversions khdbdcm 0. 2 m 1) 20 cm = _______ 32 m. L 2) 0. 032 L = _______ 45, 000 3) 45 kg = _______ g 0. 0805 4) 805 dm = _______ km

Matter • Anything that has both mass and volume • What are three states of matter? • Solid, Liquid, Gas National geographic Bbc. co. uk Sciencedaily. com

Atom • Basic unit of matter • Dense nucleus with surrounding cloud Universetoday. com

Element • Pure sample of one “type” of atom • Properties governed by atomic structure Periodictable. com

Energy • The capacity of a system to perform work • Occurs in many different forms or “states” Nationalgeographic. com

System • systema grk. “whole of separate parts” • A closed series of components and their relationships. Examples? serc. carleton. edu

WHAT IS EARTH SCIENCE? • The study of the dynamic processes, cycles, and forces that interact on planet Earth and its’ place in the universe – Formation – Composition – History – Characteristics

Earth Science • Utilizes a wide range of scientific disciplines to examine the Earth and its’ processes, examples? • What exactly will we be studying?

Earth Science • There are four major areas • • Astronomy Meteorology Geology Oceanography

Astronomy • Study of objects beyond the Earth’s atmosphere • What would you study? • What is the appropriate title for a scientist who studies Astronomy? • Astronomer, “astro” relating to celestial bodies • NOT ASTROLOGY!!!

Meteorology • Study of the air and gaseous space surrounding the Earth • What would you study? • What is the appropriate title for a scientist who studies Meteorology? • Meteorologist, meteoros- grk. “high in sky”

Geology • Study of the composition and processes that form and change the state of the Earth • What would you study? • What is the appropriate title for a scientist who studies Geology? • Geologist, “geo” relating to the Earth

Oceanography • Study of the Earth’s oceans • What would you study? • What is the appropriate title for a scientist who studies Oceanography? • Oceanographer, “okeanos” grk. the ocean world

Earth Science • These major areas focus on understanding the four main systems on Earth • Lithosphere • Hydrosphere • Atmosphere • Biosphere

What is Environmental Science? • The study of the environment through the use of both the physical and biological sciences • What is an environment? • The cumulative effects and conditions resulting from all of the physical and biological factors • Why study the environment?

Environmental Science vs. Environmentalism • Environmental Science does not have an agenda! • Environmental Scientists study the conditions, factors, and states of an environment • Environmentalism has an agenda! • Concerned with a personal opinion or preference for the environment, “tree hugger” • Which of the two will we focus on? Why?

Enviro Science vs. Enviro-ism • Stand Up…. quietly. • You will be given a scenario, you must decide if you are for or against…. . and why!