WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE QPM Maize that

WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) ? Maize that contains double the quantity of LYSINE &TRYPTOPHAN in protein compared to common maize Hence the QUALITY of the protein is enhanced Thus, QPM looks like common (normal) maize & can be differentiated only through LABORATORY BIOCHEMICAL TESTS

WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) ? QPM is a NATURALLY SUPERIOR maize developed over a period of 30 years QPM has a HIGH NUTRITIVE VALUE compared to genetically modified & conventional maize crops QPM also has a MORE BALANCED AMINO ACID CONTENT that greatly enhances its nutritive value

WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) ? QPM is a Maize Type that possesses : v About double the LYSINE &TRYPTOPHAN concentration than ‘normal’ maize varieties v Approximately the same content of TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN QPM was developed over a period of ~30 years through conventional breeding (natural – non-GMO) QPM has similar YIELD & PERFORMANCE AGRONOMIC to conventional maize

WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM)? PROTEINS AMINO ACIDS � � ESSENTIAL � NON-ESSENTIAL THREONINE � LYSINE � � TRYPTOPHAN � ISOLUECINE, Required in diets of monogastric animals � ie Humans, Pigs, Chickens � Etc. Can be synthesized by metabolism in monogastric animals

QPM HUMAN STUDIES / FINDINGS Individual case studies have shown the remarkable recovery of children suffering from severe protein malnutrition QPM reduces protein deficiencies, particularly in young children, where maize is a staple food EXAMPLES COLOMBIA, GUATEMALA, &PERU Malnourished Children restored to health on controlled diets using QPM

WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM)? ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS Strings of AMINO ACIDS make up proteins Proteins are essential for GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Monogastric Animals: Humans, Pig, Fish, Chicken Essential Amino Acids: LYSINE & TRYPTOPHAN cannot be synthesized by monogastric animals; have to be present in diet Amino Acids other than LYSINE & TRYPTOPHANcan be synthesized through biochemical pathways

WHAT IS QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM)?

LYSINE & TRYPTOPHAN (% OFTOTAL PROTEIN) LYSINE & TRYPTOPHAN quantities are correlated

LIGHT TABLE VIEW OF QPM

LIGHT TABLE VIEW OF QPM portion

WHY QPM? Source: Teller C. H. , and Soumya A. (2008) Reducing child malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Surveys find mixed progress: Population Reference Bureau: http: //www. prb. org/Articles/2008/stuntingssa. aspx/ Accessed 14 January 2009.

BENEFICIARIES SMALLHOLDER FARMERS Food & Home-grown Livestock Feed VULNERABLE GROUPS Children & People living with HIV/AIDS COMMERCIAL LIVESTOCK FEEDS QPM reduces the Fishmeal component by 22%

PIG & POULTRY FEEDING TRIALS QPM has shown even more dramatic results in experiments with Pigs & Chickens Pigs or Poultry raised on QPM-based feeds GAIN WEIGHT FASTER & PRODUCE MORE than animals raised on normal maize-based feeds

PIG STUDIES IN COLOMBIA

PIG & POULTRY FEEDING TRIALS FIGURE 1 Cuyuta, Guatemala, February 2000 The Pig fed with QPM Maize Plus Diet gained 600 GRAMS per DAY while the Pig fed with the NORMAL MAIZE PLUS VITAMINS gained 250 GRAMS per DAY QPM 600 gr per Day Normal Maize 250 gr per Day

PIG STUDIES IN COLOMBIA QPM Normal Maize

PIG STUDIES IN COLOMBIA QPM Normal Maize

PIG STUDIES IN COLOMBIA QPM Normal Maize

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ARE QPM VARIETIES COMPETITIVE?

QPM OPPORTUNITIES SUSTAINABLE NUTRITION Under-Nourished Children Orphans & School Children QPM Maize Meal Breakfast Cereals QPM ENHANCED NUTRITION Baby Foods Snack Foods Pet Feed ANIMAL NUTRITION Poultry & Pigeons Feed Lots

QPM IN HUMAN NUTRITION EXPERTS CONCLUDED : “The data demonstrating the nutritional superiority of QPM over normal maize in human nutrition are overwhelming [1]. ” “The evidence presented from studies in both children and adults clearly indicates the superiority of opaque-2 maize over common maize [2]. ” “QPM can provide a partial safety net for poor consumers when economic, social, or environmental reasons drive their diets toward increased relative consumption of staple cereals [3]. ” “The nutritional advantages of quality protein maize v common maize are of a magnitude that must be exploited for the advantage of children in maize-consuming poor countries [4]. ” 1. Bressani, R. 1991. Protein quality of high-lysine maize for humans. Cereal Foods World 36: 806 -811. 2. FAO. 1992. Maize in human nutrition. FAO, Rome. 3. Rahmanifar, A. and B. R. Hamaker. 1999. Potential nutritional contribution of quality protein maize: A close-up on children in poor communities. Ecol. of Food and Nutr. 38: 165 -182. 4. Graham, G. G. , J. Lembcke, E. Lancho and E. Morales. 1989. Quality protein maize: Digestibility and utilization by recovering malnourished infants. Pediatrics 83: 416 -421.

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CONCLUSIONS QPM has the potential to mitigate poor quality protein diets in humans QPM can improve costeffectiveness of pig and poultry production QPM is difficult to differentiate in the market, but can be done QPM should be targeted for niche markets and is useful if Varieties show performance comparable to non-QPM checks Market systems are in place to track and use QPM grain Pioneers of QPM

QPM SEED FOR PLANTING

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION & SEED ENQUIRIES, CONTACT : - QUALITY SEEDS John Klopper P O Box 8 DALTON (+27 (0)82 082 3296 South Africa

JOHN KLOPPER - +27 (0)82 082 3296 Thank You