What Is Psychology Psychology The scientific study of

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What Is Psychology? Psychology – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

What Is Psychology? Psychology – The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

What Is Psychology? Pseudopsychology – psychological practices that are false or unfounded. • The

What Is Psychology? Pseudopsychology – psychological practices that are false or unfounded. • The science of psychology is built on rigorous principles such as research, evidence and testable ideas. • Any discipline that is treated like a science but does not meet these standards can be called pseudoscience.

Types of Psychologists

Types of Psychologists

What is a psychologist? • Psychologist – a scientist who studies the mind and

What is a psychologist? • Psychologist – a scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals • Observe • Analyze • Evaluate

 • Psychiatrist – a medical doctor who can prescribe medication – Psychiatry –

• Psychiatrist – a medical doctor who can prescribe medication – Psychiatry – a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

 • Clinical psychologist – diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances

• Clinical psychologist – diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances

 • Counseling psychologist – helps people adjust to the challenges of everyday life

• Counseling psychologist – helps people adjust to the challenges of everyday life

 • Developmental psychologist – studies physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur

• Developmental psychologist – studies physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout life

 • Educational psychologist – concerned with helping students learn • Intelligence • Memory

• Educational psychologist – concerned with helping students learn • Intelligence • Memory • Problem solving • Motivation

 • Community psychologist – may help design, run, or evaluate, mental health clinics

• Community psychologist – may help design, run, or evaluate, mental health clinics

 • Industrial/Organizational psychologist – uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more

• Industrial/Organizational psychologist – uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers

 • Experimental psychologist – studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully

• Experimental psychologist – studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions

 • Environmental psychologist – study the effects of the environment on people •

• Environmental psychologist – study the effects of the environment on people • Natural disasters • Overcrowding • Pollution

 • Psychobiologist – studies the effects of drugs or tries to explain behavior

• Psychobiologist – studies the effects of drugs or tries to explain behavior in terms of biological factors

 • Forensic psychologist – work in legal, court, and correctional systems; assist police

• Forensic psychologist – work in legal, court, and correctional systems; assist police by developing personality profiles of criminal offenders

 • Health psychologist – studies the interaction between physical and psychological health factors

• Health psychologist – studies the interaction between physical and psychological health factors

A Brief History of Psychology

A Brief History of Psychology

Structuralism • Wilhelm Wundt – Was interested in the basic elements of human experience

Structuralism • Wilhelm Wundt – Was interested in the basic elements of human experience and the structure of the mind. • 1 st psychological laboratory (1879) • Introspection – A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings.

Functionalism • William James – “Father of Psychology” – Taught the 1 st psychology

Functionalism • William James – “Father of Psychology” – Taught the 1 st psychology class at Harvard. – Studied the function of consciousness and how people adapt to their environments.

Inheritable Traits • Sir Francis Galton – Heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and

Inheritable Traits • Sir Francis Galton – Heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and behavior. – Genius is a hereditary trait. – “Wouldn’t the world be a better place if we could get rid of less desirable people? ”

Gestalt Psychology • Wertheimer, Kohler, Koffka – Perception is more than the sum of

Gestalt Psychology • Wertheimer, Kohler, Koffka – Perception is more than the sum of it’s parts. – “Whole pattern”

Psychoanalytic Psychology • Sigmund Freud – Unconscious motivations and conflicts are responsible for human

Psychoanalytic Psychology • Sigmund Freud – Unconscious motivations and conflicts are responsible for human behavior. – Free association – Dream analysis

Behavioral Psychology • Ivan Pavlov – Classical conditioning • John Watson – Studied observable

Behavioral Psychology • Ivan Pavlov – Classical conditioning • John Watson – Studied observable behaviors • BF Skinner – Reinforcement and punishment Little Albert Experiment

Humanistic Psychology • Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers – Emphasizes how each person is

Humanistic Psychology • Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers – Emphasizes how each person is unique and has the potential to develop fully.

Cognitive Psychology • Jean Piaget – Focuses on how we process, store, and use

Cognitive Psychology • Jean Piaget – Focuses on how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences our thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ji. Tz 2 i 4 VHFw

Biological Psychology • Psychobiologists – Study how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics

Biological Psychology • Psychobiologists – Study how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our behavior. – Behavior is a result of our physiological makeup. Biological explanation of depression

Sociocultural Psychology • Focuses on how ethnicity, gender, culture, and SES impact human behavior

Sociocultural Psychology • Focuses on how ethnicity, gender, culture, and SES impact human behavior and mental processes.