What Is Organizational Behavior ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T

What Is Organizational Behavior ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S E L E V E N T H © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. E D I T I O N WWW. PRENHALL. COM/ROBBINS Power. Point Presentation by Charlie Cook

OBJECTIVES LEARNING After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define organizational behavior (OB). 2. Describe what managers do. 3. Explain the value of the systematic study of OB. 4. Describe why managers require a knowledge of OB. 5. Explain the OB Model. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 1

What Managers Do Managers (or administrators) Individuals who achieve goals through other people. Managerial Activities • Make decisions • Allocate resources • Direct activities of others to attain goals © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 2

Where Managers Work Organization A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 3

Management Functions Planning Organizing Management Functions Controlling © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights

Management Functions (cont’d) Planning A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing

Management Functions (cont’d) Organizing Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 6

Management Functions (cont’d) Leading A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 7

Management Functions (cont’d) Controlling Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 8

Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education. rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 1 1– 9

Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (cont’d) Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education. rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 1 (cont’d) 1– 10

Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (cont’d) Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education. rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 1 (cont’d) 1– 11

Management Skills Technical skills The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. Human skills The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups. Conceptual Skills The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 12

Effective Versus Successful Managerial Activities (Luthans) 1. Traditional management • Decision making, planning, and controlling 2. Communication • Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork 3. Human resource management • Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training 4. Networking • Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 13

Allocation of Activities by Time Source: Based on F. Luthans, R. M. Hodgetts, and S. A. Rosenkrantz, © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988). rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 2 1– 14

Enter Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior (OB) A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 15

Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study Intuition A feeling not necessarily supported by research. Systematic study Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. Provides a means to predict behaviors. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 16

Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study Preconceived Notions © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights

Toward an OB Discipline E X H I B I T 1– 3 ©

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field Psychology The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 3 (cont’d) 1– 19

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) Sociology The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 3 (cont’d) 1– 20

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) Social Psychology An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 3 (cont’d) 1– 21

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 3 (cont’d) 1– 22

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) Political Science The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. E X H I B I T 1– 3 (cont’d) 1– 23

Source: Drawing by Handelsman in The New Yorker, Copyright © 1986 by the New

There Are Few Absolutes in OB Contingency variables Situational factors: variables that moderate the relationship between two or more other variables and improve the correlation. x © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Contingency Variables y 1– 25

Basic OB Model, Stage I Model An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of

The Dependent Variables Dependent variable A response that is affected by an independent variable.

The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Productivity A performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency. Effectiveness Achievement of goals. Efficiency The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 28

The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Absenteeism The failure to report to work. Turnover The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 29

The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 30

The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Job satisfaction A general attitude toward one’s job, the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 1– 31

The Independent Variables Independent variable The presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable. Independent Variables Individual-Level Variables © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Group-Level Variables Organization System-Level Variables 1– 32