What is organic chemistry Chemistry involving organic molecules
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What is organic chemistry? Chemistry involving organic molecules (molecules that contain carbon)
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How are organic molecules drawn? Organic molecules are COVALENT molecules, so we use lines to show their bonds. CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 2 H 4
Each point where lines intersect represent a Carbon.
How are organic molecules named? Based on the number of carbons they contain. Methane = 1 carbon Pentane = 5 carbons Ethane = 2 carbons Hexane = 6 carbons Propane = 3 carbons Heptane = 7 carbons Butane = 4 carbons Octane = 8 carbons
Name the following examples CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 5 H 12 C 3 H 8
Long chains of monomers that build large macromolecules are called natural polymers. An example of a biological polymer is DNA.
Each hydrocarbon can be arranged in different ways. Straight chain hydrocarbons = all carbons in one line with only hydrogen branching off Ex. C 4 H 10
Branched chain hydrocarbons = one or more carbons is bonded to three or four carbons Ex. C 4 H 10
Isomers = hydrocarbons with the same number of carbons, but arranged differently Different isomers have different chemical and physical properties
Isomers How many Carbons do they all have? How many Hydrogens do they all have? What is the same? What is different?
How are organic molecules classified? There a few characteristics that are used to classify and name organic molecules.
Functional Groups are a combination of atoms that behave as a unit ex. HYDROXIDE
Hydroxyl group - Hydrocarbon with a hydroxide attached- form alcohols Ex. Ethanol (rubbing alcohol)
Amine group - Hydrocarbon with a nitrogen attached- form amino acids which make up proteins Ex. Valine
Carboxyl groups - Hydrocarbon with one carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to hydroxide- form acidic compounds Ex. Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
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