What is Music Music is Organized Sound Sound

What is Music? • Music is Organized Sound • Sound with a purpose or meaning

What is Sound? • The Vibration of Air in a specific pattern forming Sound Waves

Sound Waves • Sound waves can be low and high. • High and Low sound waves are called? • PITCH

Note • In music we use a note as a symbol to represent high and low pitch.

Staff • In order to see the note, we use a music staff. • A music staff has FIVE lines numbering from bottom to top (low to high pitch) Five Lines 5 4 3 2 1

Staff • And it has four spaces numbering from bottom to top (low to high pitch) Four Spaces 4 3 2 1

Staff + Note

The Clef A CLEF is used to determine the actual pitch of a note on the staff. Different CLEF’S are used to accommodate the wide range of pitches performed by voices and instruments.

Treble Clef & === The symbol above is called the TREBLE CLEF. The Treble Clef is used for instruments who play higher in pitch. c Copyright Steve Vepraskas 2005

Treble Clef The instruments of the Treble clef: Flute Trumpet Oboe Clarinet Saxophone French Horn

Bass Clef ? === The symbol above is called the BASS CLEF. The BASS Clef is used for instruments who play low pitches. c Copyright Steve Vepraskas 2005

Bass Clef • The Instruments of the Bass Clef: Euphonium Bassoon Trombone Tuba

Musical Alphabet • The Musical Alphabet assigns a letter name to each line and space on the staff. • The M. A. only uses 7 letters of the written alphabet. The letters repeat in a sequence. FGABCDE Lower PITCH Higher FGABCDE FGA

Musical Alphabet w w w & w ==w The Lines of the Treble Clef: F D B G E Elm Grove Band Does Fine

Musical Alphabet w w w & w == The Spaces of the Treble Clef: FACE E C A F

Musical Alphabet • The Complete Treble Clef Staff E F G A B C D E F

Musical Alphabet w ? w w w ==w The Lines of the Bass Clef: A F D B G Good Bands Do Fine Always

Musical Alphabet w ? w w w == The Spaces of the Bass Clef: G E C A All Cows Eat Grass

Musical Alphabet • The Complete Bass Clef Staff G A B C D E F G A

Ledger Lines • Ledger Lines are lines that extend the staff above and below.

Ledger Lines

Steady Beat • The Steady beat is the constant pulse in a piece of music. • The Steady beat can be grouped in patterns. The most common grouping is in 4.

Note Values • A note can have different lengths of sound. • The sound duration depends on the value of the note and the number of steady beats it holds.

Note Values The Whole Note: 4 steady beats of sound

Note Values The Half Note: 2 steady beats of sound

Note Values The Quarter Note: 1 steady beat of sound

Note Values 1 Whole Note 4 steady beats 2 Half Notes 4 Quarter Notes + + + 2 SB + 2 SB Equals 4 SB + 1+1+1+1 Equals 4 SB

Bar lines • The staff is divided into equal parts by Bar lines. • A Double Bar tells you when to stop the music.

Measure • A Measure is the space between bar lines. • A Measure contains the steady beat.

Time Signature • The Time Signature appears at the beginning of the music after the clef sign. • The Time Signature has two numbers, one above the other. • The top number tells you how many steady beats are in each measure. • The bottom number tells you what value note illustrates the steady beat.

Time Signature • The most common time signature is 4 over 4. however there are many different time signatures in music. 4 4 There are 4 steady beats 1 2 34 Each steady beat is illustrated by a quarter note

Time Signature • The Steady beat quarter notes may be arranged in different values.

Rests • Music is not only made up of sounds, but also musical silence called Rests. • The duration of musical silence is determined by the value of the REST.

Rests The Whole Rest. The Whole rest is equal to 4 steady beats of musical silence.

Whole Rests

Rests • The Half Rest: • The Half Rest is equal to 2 steady beats of musical silence.

Half Rests

Rests • The Quarter Rest: • The quarter rest is equal to 1 steady beat of musical silence.

Quarter Rest

Dotted Notes • When a DOT is placed next to a note, it adds half of that notes value.