What is it Definition of Impulsive Acting or

What is it?

Definition of Impulsive • Acting or Done without Forethought • Latin Root: impulsivus = Driven Onward • Actuated or swayed by emotional or involuntary impulses • Proceeding from natural feeling or impulse without external stimulus • Doing things or tending to do things suddenly

Definition of Impulsivity What is Impulsivity? Impulsivity has been variously defined as behavior without adequate thought, the tendency to act with less forethought than do most individuals of equal ability and knowledge, or a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without regard to the negative consequences of these reactions. Impulsivity is implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders including Mania, Personality Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders; yet, there is significant disagreement among researchers and clinicians regarding the exact definition of impulsivity and how it should be measured. http: //www. impulsivity. org/

Concept of Actions that are • Poorly Conceived • Prematurely Expressed • Unduly Risky • Inappropriate to the Situation • Result in Undesirable Outcomes

Is more than one thing? Made up of • Several Independent Factors • Integrated with • Qualitatively Different Aspects of Behavior Can we distinguish a • Functional Impulsivity From a •

Is more than one thing? • Facet of normal personality • Component of various Disorders: •

of • Dysfunctional Impulsivity • Ideomotor • Functional Impulsivity • Careful Planning • Attentional • Coping Stability • “Reflection-Impulsivity” • Novelty Seeking • Disinhibition • Harm Avoidance • Inhibitory Control • Reward Dependence • Decision Time • Impulsiveness • Lack of Persistence • Irritability • Boredom/Sensation Seeking • “Self-Control” • Impulsiveness • Time needed for Decision • Venturesomeness • Inattention • Motor • Hyperactivity • Cognitive • Impulsivity • Non-Planning • Criterion 7 for Mania

vs Functional • Dysfunctional: maladaptive • Act with less forethought, which produces difficulty • Functional: Adaptive? • Act with little forethought when it is optimal

Impulsivity vs Risky Behavior Are they the same?

Impulsivity vs Risky Behavior Are they the same?

Impulsivity vs Risky Behavior

Risky?

Does Training matter for Impulsivity?

Impulsive?

What differentiates socially acceptable behavior from unacceptable? • Not all impulsive behavior is disadvantageous • Impulsive individuals say they act with less forethought • But they often respond more slowly in experimental Tasks than non-impulsive individuals • Are decision time, persistence, boredom, and sensation seeking important aspects?

Class questions of Must all Actions be: • Poorly Conceived • Prematurely Expressed • Unduly Risky • Inappropriate to the Situation • Result in Undesirable Outcomes Must all Actions • Include all of the above

The • Poorly Conceived? • Prematurely Expressed? • Unduly Risky? • Inappropriate to the Situation? • Result in Undesirable Outcomes?

Class concepts of • Phenotypic Impulsivity • Negative consequences • Risky Behavior • Repetitive* • Not able to discern want from need • Underdeveloped PFC • less feedback from PFC to limbic • impatience • make choices even recognizing the negative consequences for that choice

Why don’t drugs work consistently?

Do drug experiments strongly support the hypothesis that Impulsivity is multifactorial? • Drugs were delivered systemically – • Complex Behavioral Outputs • Such as Impulsivity • Require Complex Circuitry • Suggests multiple Transmitter modulation • Is the Definition of Impulsivity Good Enough to determine multifactorial causation?

Two New Models of Impulsivity Transitional Bridge 5 -choice serial reaction time task

5 CSRTT • Poorly Conceived • Prematurely Expressed • Unduly Risky • Inappropriate to the Situation • confounded by issues related to learning • Result in Undesirable Outcomes • confounds include: • satiety issues • motivation

5 CSRTT

5 CSRTT 10 s Explains 42% 5 s Explains 5% Strong negative correlation r 2=0. 42 of premature responding with accuracy for Long ITI (5 -10 s) Variable ITI (2 -15 s) – low correlation of premature responding and accuracy

Transitional Bridge • MOTOR IMPULSIVITY • Go signal tone • one bridge used • rat on platform A • trained → platform B • food reward • tone after 1 s A → B • if <2 s reward • TESTING • tone randomly • 2 -3 or 3 -4 s • Correct response: < 2 s • Omission > 2 crossing • Premature response • cross before tone • Impulsivity

Transitional Bridge • COGNITIVE IMPULSIVITY • 2 bridges/remove panel 4 • on platform A or C • trained → B or D • tone + food reward • √ bridge preference • TESTING • A→B • immediate reward • C→D • 2 X reward • 5 s delay (3 days) • 7 s delay (days 4 -6) • 10 s delay (7 -9) • Impulsivity = • choosing A → B • ↓ crossing latency

• Poorly Conceived T-Bridge: Motor Impulsivity • Prematurely Expressed • Unduly Risky • confounded by anxiety • Inappropriate to the Situation • confounded by issues related to learning • Result in Undesirable Outcomes • Affected by ETOH • confounds: • satiety issues • motivation

T- Bridge: Cognitive Impulsivity • Poorly Conceived • Prematurely Expressed • Unduly Risky • confounded by anxiety • Inappropriate to the Situation • confounded by issues related to learning • Result in Undesirable Outcomes • affected by alcohol • confounds include: • satiety issues • motivation

Toward Phenotypic Impulsivity The Next Step: Models must include/consider • Behaviors meaningful to the animal used • Poor Conception is impossible to measure in animals and humans • Undue Risk • Situation Inappropriateness all individually variable • Undesirable Outcomes • All affected by • Emotional state & Stress responsivity • Habitual, Learned and Not yet Learned behavior }