What is it Biodiversity is the variety of

What is it?

Biodiversity is: --the variety of organisms in a given area --the genetic variation within a population --the variety of species in a community --the variety of communities in an ecosystem. Birds of Paradise Video

Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things • Scientists have identified appx 1. 2 million species on Earth --- Est 8. 7 million more remain unknown • The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by complex interactions among all living things including micro-organisms.

Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things Pacific Barreleye fish https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Zoygy-8 PTt. U

Ocean Sunfish a/k/a Mola Ocean Sunfish Video

Levels of Biodiversity • Biodiversity can be studied and described at three levels: ØSpecies diversity ØEcosystem diversity ØGenetic diversity

1. Diversity of number of species the differences between populations of species, as well as between different species. Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow Beauty

2. Variety of ecosystems -- variety of habitats, communities, & ecological processes within and between ecosystems.

3. Genetic Diversity - all the different genes contained within all members of a population. Gene- a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome –it codes for a specific hereditary trait. Chihuahua Beagle Rottweilers

Which has more biodiversity? A B

Which has more biodiversity? A B

Benefits of Biodiversity has intrinsic value = Something that has value naturally Biodiversity can affect the stability of ecosystems and the sustainability of populations. Healthy ecosystems ensure a healthy biosphere It has balanced cycles of energy and nutrients.

Biodiversity has Utilitarian Value = the value something has as a means to another’s end. Something that is functional Utilitarian values include: • Goods like sustainable timber • Services like eco-tourism • Information -- National Park Wardens

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Biodiversity-Continued

Species Are Connected to Ecosystems Some species are very critical to the functioning of an ecosystem. Keystone species - a species that is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem in which it lives. It affects the survival and abundance of many other species in its community. Sea otter The loss of the sea otter populations led to an unchecked sea urchin population, which ate all the kelp leading to the loss of kelp beds along the U. S. Pacific Coast. https: //www. britannica. com/science/key stone-species

Keystone Species Sea Otters Keystone Species 20 mins Keystone Species How Wolves Changed The Rivers

Biodiversity of species • Endangered Species – A species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures are not taken immediately

• Threatened Species – A species that has a declining population and that is likely to become endangered if it is not protected.

ENDANGERED VS THREATENED Threatened: population low but extinction less imminent Endangered: not so low that extinction imminent

THE GREATEST THREAT

Species and Population Survival • Genetic diversity levels = critical factor in species survival. • Genetic variation increases the chances that some members of the population may survive environmental pressures or changes. • Small and isolated populations are less likely to survive such pressures.

Species and Population Survival Population decreases----genetic diversity decreases Effects: --inbreeding in population --smaller variety of genes Members of population increase chances for inherited genetic diseases.

Biomass Pyramid • Shows the many relationships between producers and consumers in an ecosystem Tertiary consumers -----> Secondary consumers -------> Primary consumers Primary producers

Deciduous Forest Ecosystem Plants Deciduous Trees Ferns Berry Bushes Wild Flowers Grasses Mammals Chipmunks Deer Foxes Opossums Rabbits Wolves Birds Hawks Woodpeckers Owls Chickadees Reptiles Snakes Amphibians Frogs Toads Arthropods Insects

The End! Puffer Fish

Video Be able to answer the following questions Ticket Out the Door 1. What determines how many species live in a given place? 2. How many individuals of the species can live somewhere? 3. Briefly explain how biodiversity is important to ecosystems https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h. RGg 5 it 5 FMI