WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH PROMOTION The term
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WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?
HEALTH PROMOTION The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS : wide-ranging multi-disciplinary philosophical
HEALTH PROMOTION Tannahill (1985) offers a practical model, which brings together 3 service components with overlapping roles and concerns
HEALTH PROMOTION Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION WHAT HEALTH are we promoting ?
HEALTH PROMOTION WHO ‘definition’ is actually a political slogan in the Constitution (1946) “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
HEALTH PROMOTION ‘HEALTH FOR ALL’ has a more functional and utilitarian approach To attain a level of health that will permit people to lead a socially and economically productive life
HEALTH PROMOTION ‘HEALTH is a resource for everyday living…. ” (WHO)
HEALTH PROMOTION Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION Prevention is an important component. It has a strong intuitive appeal LEVELS OF PREVENTION WELL EARLY DISEASE Primary Prevention LATE DISEASE Secondary Prevention DEATH Tertiary Prevention
HEALTH PROMOTION IMPORTANT REMINDER : Be Evidence-Based Do Research and Evaluation Use Appropriate Technology
HEALTH PROMOTION US Preventive Services Task Force Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 6/2003 – Health Screening Ì Comprehensive reviews of the scientific basis for preventive services Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
HEALTH PROMOTION Primary Examples prevention is Ì Immunization desirable, but Ì Proper and adequate nutrition Ì Weight control Ì Exercise prescription limited by knowledge
HEALTH PROMOTION SCREENING Presumptive is an identification of important unrecognized strategy disease or defect ….
HEALTH PROMOTION CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : (1) Suitable Disease (a) Major public health problem (b) Identifiable pre-clinical phase (c) Early treatment effective
HEALTH PROMOTION CONDITIONS (a) Simple to apply and FOR SUCCESS IN interpret SCREENING : (b) Cheap (cost-effective) (2) Suitable Test (c) Painless and safe (d) Accurate and reproducible (e) Acceptable to people
HEALTH PROMOTION CONDITIONS (a) Call and recall of FOR SUCCESS IN appropriate subjects SCREENING : (b) Adequate and coordinated follow-up (3) Suitable Organization (c) Quality assurance (d) On-going evaluation
HEALTH PROMOTION Examples : Screening may be directed at : – general population – high-risk groups – hypertension – diabetes mellitus – coronary heart disease – anaemia – nutritional disorders – tuberculosis – cervix cancer – breast cancer
HEALTH PROMOTION We must go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION Health Education is not just the passive transmission of information. (BEWARE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD) Knowledge Beliefs Attitude Practice (Behaviour)
HEALTH PROMOTION Educational messages must EXCITE Examples : – Achievements in tobacco control – Successes in smoking cessation – Health benefits of non-smoking
HEALTH PROMOTION Educational messages Examples : must – Non-smokers staying off tobacco ENCOURAGE – Smokers helped to quit
HEALTH PROMOTION Educational messages must EQUIP Examples : – How non-smokers can fight temptation – Enable smokers to quit the habit
HEALTH PROMOTION Educational messages must EMPOWER Examples : – Adopt non-smoking as desired way of life – Advocate for nonsmoking and antismoking policies
HEALTH PROMOTION We need to move away from vertical, disease – oriented programmes : CHD Ca DM
HEALTH PROMOTION Let us take the risk-factor approach CHD Smoking Ca DM Diet Exercise
HEALTH PROMOTION Take the messages to different arenas : General Public Schools Workplace Healthcare facilities Community facilities
HEALTH PROMOTION We continue to go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH PROTECTION : regulations and policies that help to create a supportive healthful environment Examples : – control of environmental hazards – restriction of smoking in public – quarantine measures
HEALTH PROMOTION Public Health Laws are necessary : to protect individuals, families and the community to inculcate responsible and healthful behavior and practices
HEALTH PROMOTION In any society, there is a need to balance : Individual Liberty versus Public Good
HEALTH PROMOTION Public Agencies have a very important role in Health Promotion - political commitment - policy direction - funding and other resources - implementation and enforcement
HEALTH PROMOTION SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACTIONS FOR HEALTH TOTAL COMMUNITY EFFORT