What is GLOBALIZATION It refers to the procesess

What is “GLOBALIZATION”? It refers to the procesess whereby social relations acquire relatively distanceless and borderless qualities.

What is “Internationalization”? v. It refers to the process of intensfying connections between national domains. v. In internaitonal relations, countries are divided from each other by clearly marked frontiers.

What are the differences between global politics and international politics?

GR IR • IR is the subset of GR.

Aspects of Globalization v. Communication: Media, internet. v. Organizations: United Nations. v. Ecology: Global warming, ozone depletion. v. Production: Global factories. v. Military: Intercontinental ballistic missiles, spy satellites. v. Norms: Human rights. v. Everyday Thinking

Historical Origins It is hard to determine a specific moment when globalization started. Signs of globalization appeared years ago to a much smaller extent and at a far slower pace.

Qualifications Globalization has not been experienced everywhere to the same extent.

Globalization is not straightforward process of homogenization.

Globalization has not eliminated the significance of place, distance, and territorial borders in world politics.

Globalization cannot be understood in terms of a single driving force. For instance, the process is not reducible to an American or Western plot.

Globalization is not a panacea.

Globalization and State System v Globalization is connected to a number of changes in world order. v Globalization has presented a challenge to the Westphalian states-system and state sovereignty.

The Westphalian Order v The Peace of Westphalia (1648) v States-system v The principles of statehood and sovereignty.

The End of Sovereignty v Sovereignty (a la Westphalia) is no longer fully operational - Global companies, - Satellite remote sensing, - Global ecological problems. . .

The Persistence of the State v Globalization is not dissolving the state, but it has not left it untouched either. v The post-sovereign state advances global as well as national causes. v The expansion of global interests would seem to be reducing incentives for states to embark on territorial conquest.

Post-Sovereign Governance v If world politics is no longer based on the core principle of sovereign statehood, how is governance being conducted in the contemporary globalizing world? v Substate global governance (provinces, municipalities) v Suprastate global governance (EU, UN, IMF) v Marketized Global Governance (Not all regulation in the world has emanated from the public sector. Private-sector bodies: Moody’s Investors Service, Standard and Poors –regulatory role in global credit markets. v World Economic Forum- unites some 900 major companies, under the motto ‘entrepreneurship in the global public interest’, it undertaken conciliation attempts in several major interstate conflicts including the Arab-Israeli dispute v Global Social Movements

The Challenge of Global Democracy ( Greek demokratia) Demos= people kratia= government (rule)

Globalization and the Democratic State v Globalization makes it impossible to achieve democracy solely through the state. v For example, citizens rarely have any significant say in a state’s decision whether or not to adopt an IMF programme.

Global Governance Agencies and Democracy v Global governance agencies suffer from severe democratic deficits. v For example, most meetings of the World Bank, the European Council of Ministers are held behind closed doors.

Global Market Democracy v Popular participation and control? v. Access and participation in market governance? v. Few people attend meetings of the World Economic Forum and similar bodies.

Global Social Movements v Global social movements of gay men, lesbians, disabled persons. v But only a very small proportion of the world’s people has been directly involved in these initiatives.