What is Geology Geology is the study of

What is Geology? • Geology is the study of planet Earth, including it’s composition and structure. • A Geologist is a person who studies the earth and the processes that shaped Earth over time.

Careers is Geology

• https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XVfk. P 0 kuyog

What is the Earth made of? • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 MFr 2 c. C 3 erk

A Model of the Earth. • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=dzm-Vkpho. Gw

Let’s Take a Closer Look…

Earth’s Cross Sections • The earth has 3 main layers o 1. The Crust o 2. The Mantle • Upper • Lower o 3. The Core • Inner • Outer

Rule of Thumb • The deeper you go into the Earth the more pressure you apply and the hotter you get. As a result, you get more dense.

The Crust • Very thin when compared to the other layers (like the shell of an egg). • Much of it is made of silicates o Silicone o Oxygen o Often times it has aluminum, iron or calcium There are two types of crust Continental Oceanic

1. Continental Crust • • The type of crust that makes up continents Composed of less dense rocks About 5 times thicker than oceanic crust It is usually 40 kilometers thick (range 8 -75 km) • Thicker under mountains

2. Oceanic Crust • Is composed of more dense rock • Very thin • About 7 km thick

The Mantle • The layer below the crust • Mostly made of solid rock • The Earth’s mantle is about 2, 970 km thick, making up about 84% of the Earth’s total volume. • Contains more iron and magnesium making it more dense than the crust.

The Core • You have the outer core and inner core. • The outer core is made of a liquid nickel and iron. • The inner core is made of a mixture of solid iron and nickel. o The temperature of the center of the earth is about 5500 degrees Celsius.

Why is the liquid outer core important? • Because it is liquid metal!!! • The iron in the outer core flows and when combined with the Earth’s rotation it creates Earth’s Magnetic field.

The “layers” of the Mantle • Lithosphere- layer of “cool” rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as the Earth’s crust. o 100 lm thick o More brittle • Asthenosphere- softer, weaker rock that can flow slowly o More ductile o Where the continents “flow” on • Mesosphere – stronger lower part of the mantle.

• https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=sf 8 bry. VU 5 bc • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ri. HRI_Z 2 Kgs