What is gene expression Gene Expression and Protein

  • Slides: 35
Download presentation

What is gene expression?

What is gene expression?

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis q. The Genetic Code • Gene-a section of DNA

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis q. The Genetic Code • Gene-a section of DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence (on RNA), which is a building block for proteins.

Amino Acids and Codons

Amino Acids and Codons

• Genes can be made up of 20 different amino acids made up

• Genes can be made up of 20 different amino acids made up of three letter words (four letters to choose from-nitrogenous bases of RNA [A, U, G, C]). • These three letter words are called codons – Example: Codon AUG, codes for methionine.

• 50 Cents favourite codon: UAG

• 50 Cents favourite codon: UAG

q. Simple Summary • DNA produces an RNA strand in the nucleus • RNA

q. Simple Summary • DNA produces an RNA strand in the nucleus • RNA single strand leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore • RNA enters cytoplasm • RNA attaches to a ribosome • RNA molecule is decoded/”read” and produce a protein

q. From DNA RNA Protein 1. Step One: Transcription -RNA molecule is made that

q. From DNA RNA Protein 1. Step One: Transcription -RNA molecule is made that is complimentary to DNA molecule DNA sequence: AAGCT RNA complimentary sequence: UUCGA -RNA polymerase is the enzyme used to split apart the DNA and join the RNA nucleotides together -messenger. RNA (m. RNA ) is released into the cytoplasm and reaches a ribosome

• transcription

• transcription

2. Step Two: Translation: -The information on the m. RNA is translated and codes

2. Step Two: Translation: -The information on the m. RNA is translated and codes for a specific amino acid (needed to make the polypeptide protein) • Transfer RNA (t. RNA)-attach to an amino acid and brings it to the ribosome (containing r. RNA)

Steps of Translation I. Initiation: • A start codon on m. RNA, AUG methionine,

Steps of Translation I. Initiation: • A start codon on m. RNA, AUG methionine, allows translation to begin • m. RNA codon pairs with the complimentary t. RNA anticodon • Example codon on m. RNA: AUG • Anticodon on t. RNA: UAC

Amino Acid t. RNA synthetase helps bind the amino acid to the t. RNA

Amino Acid t. RNA synthetase helps bind the amino acid to the t. RNA molecule t. RNA Anticodon m. RNA strand codon

II. Elongation-polypeptide gets longer one amino acid at a time III. Termination-synthesis stops due

II. Elongation-polypeptide gets longer one amino acid at a time III. Termination-synthesis stops due to a stop codon § § The three stop codons on the m. RNA strand are: ___, ____ Refer to page 330 (or 299)

Just like a recipe that you follow…instead of eggs, its amino acids…instead of samosas,

Just like a recipe that you follow…instead of eggs, its amino acids…instead of samosas, it’s proteins (gene expression)

DNA RNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (Ribonucleic Acid) Double strand Single strand Helix (spiral) Straight Sugar

DNA RNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (Ribonucleic Acid) Double strand Single strand Helix (spiral) Straight Sugar present: deoxyribose Sugar present: ribose Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine (Uracil replaces thymine) Found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm (not confined in the nucleus)

q. Three Classes of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA): Takes a message made

q. Three Classes of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA): Takes a message made from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

2. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA): A part of/embedded in the ribosome and the site

2. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA): A part of/embedded in the ribosome and the site in which polypeptides are made. (two subunits: small and large ribosome)

3. Transfer RNA (t. RNA): Transfers amino acids to the ribosome (helps translate the

3. Transfer RNA (t. RNA): Transfers amino acids to the ribosome (helps translate the message)

• The t. RNA synthetase (enzyme) recognizes which amino acid belongs to which

• The t. RNA synthetase (enzyme) recognizes which amino acid belongs to which t. RNA molecule

Gene Expression Dr Kevin Ahern Gene Expression GeneGene Expression Dr Kevin Ahern Gene Expression Gene
Gene Expression CHAPTER 19 Gene expression Gene regulationGene Expression CHAPTER 19 Gene expression Gene regulation
PROTEIN OUTLINE Protein Definition Protein structure Protein FunctionPROTEIN OUTLINE Protein Definition Protein structure Protein Function
Protein Simple Protein Conjugated Protein Derivative Protein SpecialProtein Simple Protein Conjugated Protein Derivative Protein Special
Protein Yaps Analizi Protein aileleri Protein lokalizasyonu proteinProtein Yaps Analizi Protein aileleri Protein lokalizasyonu protein
Protein Stability Protein Folding Protein Stability Protein stabilityProtein Stability Protein Folding Protein Stability Protein stability
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and METABOLISM Protein Synthesis Gene ExpressionPROTEIN SYNTHESIS and METABOLISM Protein Synthesis Gene Expression
Gene Expression and Regulation and Mutations Gene ExpressionGene Expression and Regulation and Mutations Gene Expression
Protein Synthesis Gene Expression Protein Synthesis The processProtein Synthesis Gene Expression Protein Synthesis The process
DNA RNA Protein Trait Protein Synthesis Gene ExpressionDNA RNA Protein Trait Protein Synthesis Gene Expression
Gene Expression DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis GeneGene Expression DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis Gene
GENE EXPRESSION AND MUTATION GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTESGENE EXPRESSION AND MUTATION GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTES
GENE EXPRESSION AND MUTATION GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTESGENE EXPRESSION AND MUTATION GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTES
Chapter 18 Gene Expression Gene Expression and MetabolicChapter 18 Gene Expression Gene Expression and Metabolic
Gene to Protein Gene Expression Figure 17 UNGene to Protein Gene Expression Figure 17 UN
Gene expression From Gene to Protein Translation RNAGene expression From Gene to Protein Translation RNA
Chapter 14 Gene Expression From Gene to ProteinChapter 14 Gene Expression From Gene to Protein
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Gene ExpressionChapter 17 From Gene to Protein Gene Expression
Gene Expression From Gene to Protein Chapter 14Gene Expression From Gene to Protein Chapter 14
Gene Expression From a gene to a proteinGene Expression From a gene to a protein
Regulation of Gene Expression Prokaryotic Gene expression producingRegulation of Gene Expression Prokaryotic Gene expression producing
Tutorial 7 Gene expression analysis 1 Gene expressionTutorial 7 Gene expression analysis 1 Gene expression
Gene expression Gene expression The information encoded inGene expression Gene expression The information encoded in
RNA Gene Expression Gene Expression Making sense ofRNA Gene Expression Gene Expression Making sense of