What is federalism n The division of power

What is federalism? n The division of power between the National & State levels of government NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STATE GOVERNMENT

Constitutional Guidelines n n Constitution defines state & national powers Types of powers n n n Enumerated/expressed Implied Concurrent Reserved Denied

Enumerated Powers n n Explicitly stated in Constitution Read- Article 1 Sec. 8 pg. 800 - 3 min n n n List 5 powers stated Coin money Levy & collect taxes Regulate interstate commerce Declare war Raise an army

Implied Powers n Not specifically stated in Constitution n Open to debate- Const. is vague Read pg. 173 & answer question- What is the basis for implied powers? - 3 min Granted by Article 1 Sec. 8 - elastic/necessary & proper clause n Congress can make all necessary laws for the carrying out of its Constitutional duties

Implied Powers- cont. n n Read chart pg. 173 - list 4 examples of implied powers- 3 min. Examples n n n draft men into the army National Bank Fund public schools welfare Immigration limits

Quote n “Surround yourself with only people who are going to lift you higher. ” n Oprah Winfrey- tv personality

National Gov. Obligations n Must guarantee each state: n n n Republican form of government Protection Protect their territory

Concurrent Powers n n Powers the national & state gov. both have List 5 powers listed in the middle of Venn Diagram on pg. 105

Examples n n n Levy taxes Borrow money Spend for general welfare Establish courts Enact & enforce laws

Denied Powers n n Certain national & state actions are prohibited by The Constitution National gov. cannot n n Tax exports Suspend writ of habeus corpus Enact bills of attainder or ex post facto laws Grant titles of nobility

States- Denied Powers n States cannot Make treaties n Coin money n Enact bills of attainder or ex post facto laws n Engage in war n

Reserved State Powers n Granted by 10 th amendment- pg. 809 n n n Vague- open to interpretation List 4 powers listed on the right of Venn Diagram on pg. 105 Examples n n Regulate intrastate commerce Establish local governments Administer elections Protect public health & welfare

Supremacy Clause n n n Article 6 Sec. 2 - pg. 806 Establishes Constitution & National laws as supreme law of the land State & local laws cannot conflict with National laws

Amendments n n Amendments = changes to the Constitution Why amend the Constitution? Fix outdated policies n To keep up with: n Changes in society n Unforeseen problems or issues n n 27 amendments to Constitution

Amendment Process n n States & Congress play a role 2 parts 1. proposal n 2. ratification = approval n

Proposal n 2/3 rds of both houses of Congress vote YES n n OR Congressional convention requested by 2/3 rds of the state legislatures

Ratification n 3/4 ths of state legislatures vote YES n n OR States hold special conventions & 3/4 ths of states vote YES

State Gov. n n Established by State Constitutions Things states have in common: n Separation of Powers n n Legislative, Executive, Judicial Establish local gov. Regulate how $ is raised & spent Bill of Rights

Legislature n 49 states are bicameral = 2 houses n In GA- General Assembly n n n House of Rep. & Senate House of Rep. presiding officer = speaker of the house Bills must pass both houses & signed by governor to become law

Executive n n Governor = leader of the state Powers n n n Sign bills into law Veto bills Prepares budget Appoints judges Commander in chief of National Guard Lieutenant Governor = 2 nd in command

Judicial n n n Interprets & applies state & local laws Hears Civil & Criminal cases 3 types of courts: n n Minor General Trial Appeals Supreme Court = highest court in state

Presentation Directions n Please be respectful of presenters n n n DISRESPECTFULNESS WILL LEAD TO POINT DEDUCTIONS Do not talk to presenters Presenters- relax & have fun

Direct Democracy Initiative n Recall n Referendum n

Initiative n n Allows voters to propose a law Examples CA- property tax limits n Nebraska- reduced size of state legislature n

Recall n n Allows voters to remove & replace officials before term in office is over Example n n 2003 California Governor More common at local level

Referendum n n Voters vote directly on bills or issues rather than legislature Examples n n n GA state flag Optional county sales taxes More common at local level

State Revenue Sources n n n Sales tax Income tax License fees n n n Marriage, business, drivers Lotteries Grants- money from national gov.

State Services n Regulates business n Protects consumers n n Fair sales & business practices Protects workers Worker’s compensation n Unemployment compensation n n Business development n Try to attract new businesses

State Services cont. n Environmental n n n Pollution control Conservation- state parks Life & Property n n n Enforce criminal laws Police forces Criminal corrections- prisons

State Services cont. n Education n Public Health n n n Set graduation requirements Establish local school districts Regulates doctors vaccinations Welfare n n Medicaid Food stamps

Local Government States decide powers of local gov. n 2 types of local gov. n 1. 2. County- 159 in GA City- 520 in GA

County Gov. n Run by a board of commissioners n Commissioners: Elected by voters n Decide on: n Taxes n Zoning codes n Budgets n n n Supervise elections Collect taxes

County Gov. - cont. n Administer services n n Maintain roads Garbage collection Police & fire protection water

City Gov. n Granted powers by the state legislature n n Can change gov. at any time Has similar responsibilities to a county Mayor = leader of a city 3 types n n n Mayor-Council Form Commission Form Council-Manager Form

Augusta/Richmond County n Consolidated gov. n n n City & county gov. merged together Has mayor & county commission Handles affairs for all of Richmond County

Local Revenue Sources n Property taxes Real = land, house n Personal = cars, boats n n n Sales taxes Other taxes n n n Hotels, cable, electricity Fines & fees Bonds- borrowed money

Local Gov. Services Education n Zoning- show video n Police & Fire Protection n Water supply n Sewage & Sanitation n Transportation n

Local Gov. Services Social Services n Recreation & cultural activities n