What is Domestication q Domestication entails filtering out

Ø What is Domestication? q Domestication entails filtering out all foreign features, producing a text more acceptable and readable by the TL reader. E. g. He broke his promises. . ; ﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﻑ ﺑﻮﻋﻮﺩﻩ the translator can’t translate the verb literally as ‘ ‘ ﻛﺴﺮ. Culturally, it is not acceptable. Or. ﺍﻧﻪ ﺛﺮﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﺬﺍﺭ as He is talkative. The two Arabic words are culturally filtered as one word ‘talkative’. q The domesticating strategy can be traced to the appropriation of Greek texts by Latin translator-poets. Venuti describes a Latin tendency to delete culture specific referents, add Roman cultural allusions and replace the names of the Greek poets with their own in order to pass translations off as original. This can be exemplified by many dubbed movies or series nowadays where the whole movie is localized and the names of the characters are all adapted to tune with the TT locale. q Venuti sees domestication as dominating British and American translation culture. He (2008: 15) bemoans the phenomenon of domestication since it involves ‘an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to receiving cultural values’. This entails translating in a transparent, fluent, ‘invisible’ style in order to minimize the foreignness of the TT. Venuti allies it with Schleiermacher’s description of translation that ‘leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author toward him’. Domestication further covers adherence to domestic literary canons by carefully selecting the texts that are likely to lend themselves to such a translation strategy.

Ø What is Foreignization? q Foreignization involves translators leaving the linguistic and cultural features of the SL intact, thus producing a text full of foreignness, in other words, “moving the reader to the writer”; it aims to make the translator ‘visible’ and to make the readers realize they are reading a translation of a work from a foreign culture. The following example will illustrate this: E. g. Your soul is oftentimes a battlefield, upon which your reason and your judgement wage war against your appetite. . ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺣﻚ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻳﺸﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻚ ﺣﺮﺑﺎ ﺿﺪ ﺷﻬﻮﺗﻚ Let’s see (in order to compare) the same sentence translated domestically: . ﻭﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﻳﺜﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ ﻭﻣﺪﺍﺭﻛﻚ ﺣﺮﺑﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﻮﺗﻚ ﻭﺍﻫﻮﺍﺋﻚ The question here which sounds more Arabic than the other? q To achieve this, the translator must emphasize the value of the foreign, by ‘bending’ TL word-usage to try to ensure faithfulness to the ST in terms of the sense and form, and importing the foreign concepts and culture into the TT; it can be achieved by a non-fluent, estranging or heterogeneous translation style designed to make visible the presence of the translator and to highlight the foreign identity of the ST. q Foreignizing translation signifies the difference of the foreign text, yet only by disrupting the cultural codes that prevail in the target language. In its efforts to do right abroad, this translation method must do wrong at home, deviating from native norms to stage an alien reading experience. q Let’s take the following example from the religious register: the term ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ. The term is culture-bound. If the translator opts for a translation of this word, he/she has no option but to either transliterate it as ‘altawaaf’, or gloss it as: sacrosanct ceremony of walking round the black Rock in Mecca. One may clearly see that translator is quantitively disrupting the lexical code by translating one SL word with many TL words.

Questions to be answered by the student: Ø Look at the English extract below and translate it into Arabic, then, identify the foreignizing features in the Arabic TT Feminism is a range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that aim to define, establish, and achieve the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of view, and that women are treated unfairly within those societies. Efforts to change that include fighting gender stereotypes and seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men. Ø Differentiate between domestication and foreignization. Ø What are Schleiermacher’s two translation methods and how would they be realized in Venuti’s dichotomy of domestication and foreignization? Support your answer with examples from your own. Ø Translate the following text twice; one domestically and the other foreignizingly (see the next slide):

Box Full of Kisses Some time ago, a man punished his 3 -year-old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight and he became infuriated when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the Christmas tree. Nevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, “This is for you, Daddy. ” The man became embarrassed by his overreaction earlier, but his rage continue when he saw that the box was empty. He yelled at her; “Don’t you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside? ” The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and cried; “Oh, Daddy, it’s not empty at all. I blew kisses into the box. They’re all for you, Daddy. ” The father was crushed. He put his arms around his little girl, and he begged for her forgiveness. Only a short time later, an accident took the life of the child. Her father kept the gold box by his bed for many years and, whenever he was discouraged, he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there. Moral of the story: Love is the most precious gift in the world.

Thanks for Your Time and Efforts GOOD LUCK