What Is Development The systematic changes in an

What Is Development? • The systematic changes in an individual that occur between conception and death. • Occurs in three broad domains: – Physical – Cognitive – Psychosocial

Historical Perspectives • • Preformationism (6 th – 15 th Century) Puritan Doctrine (16 th Century) John Locke’s “tabula rasa” (17 th Century) Rousseau’s ideas of Innate Goodness (18 th Century)

Historical Perspectives • Charles Darwin (19 th Century) – Forefather of scientific child study • G. Stanley Hall – Regarded as founder of child development study

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • • Psychonalytic (Freud, Erickson) Learning (Behavioral) (Watson, Pavlov, Skinner) Cognitive (Piaget) Social Cognitive (Bandura)

Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development • Evolutionary (Ethological, Sociobiological) (Darwin, Lorenz, Gottlieb) • Systems Theories (Contextual, Bioecological) (Bronfenbrenner) • Lifespan

Terms • Growth • • • Maturation Learning Aging • Biological aging Life Expectancy – Average life expectancy – Useful life expectancy – Maximum life expectancy •

Terms • Age Grade • Age Norms – Developmental norms • Social Clock • Cohort – Cohort Effects

Terms • Contextual effects: – Normative age graded influences (similar to all) – Normative history graded influences – Non-normative life events (individual)

Terms • Multidimensional – (biopsychosocial) • Multidirectional • Plasticity • Individuality

Themes • • • Nature and Nurture Continuity and Discontinuity Stability and Change Universality and Context Specific Development Activity and Passivity

Research in Developmental Psychology • Correlation Studies – Correlation Coefficient • Longitudinal Studies • Cross-sectional Studies • Sequential Studies