WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT An increase in overall income

WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?

• An increase in overall income (GDP, GNI) Development: • Distribution of freedom within society • Improvements in overall well-being • Lasting, long-term socioeconomic change • Sustainable environmental change • Complex, complicated adaptive system • Global interactions & partnerships

Single Indicators: TFR CBR CDR Doctors/capita MR Internet Connectivity • We can measure development through single index indicators which take into account particular components or aspects of development…

Composite Indexes: Human Development Index Social Progress Index Gender Inequality Index • HOWEVER, a better measure of development usually takes multiple indicators into account, recognizing that ‘development’ is a complex phenomenon. These indicators are called composite indexes and measure development over time.

HDI • First established by economist Mahbub ul Haq • Expanded by famous Amartya Sen

Human Development Index Like the Gender Inequality Index, the HDI is a composite measure of development. It is measured through • Life Expectancy Which 3 indicators would you choose to develop a composite about development? • Education Index (mean years of schooling + expected years of schooling = index) • Per Capita Income (GDP per capita)

HDI ranks countries into four tiers (levels) of development Are people in countries able to ‘be’ and ‘do’ what they wish? • Very high human development Norway, Australia, Ireland, Singapore, Germany • High human development Brazil, Mexico, Romania, Panama, Malaysia • Medium human development Botswana, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Philippines • Low human development Pakistan, Nigeria, Yemen, Tanzania, Rwanda