What Is Data What is Digital Data s

What Is Data? What is Digital Data? s l o c o t ro P Code Sheets, Error Levels and Endians Oh My! Ben Davies Presentation contains an extensive notes section Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 2

01010111 01101000 01100001 01110100 00100000 01001001 01110011 00100000 0100 01100001 01110100 01100001 00111111 00001101 00001010111 01101000 01100001 01110100 00100000 01101001 01110011 00100000 0100 01101001 01100111 01101001 01110100 01100001 01101100 00100000 0100 01100001 01110100 01100001 00111111 00001101 00001010 01000011 01101111 01100100 01100101 00100000 01010011 01101000 01100101 01110100 01110011 00101100 00100000 01000101 01110010 01101111 011100100000 01001100101 011101100101 01101100 01110011 00100000 01100001 01101110 01100100000 01000101 01101110 01100100 01101001 01100001 01101110011 00100000 01001111 01101000 00100000 01001101

What Will We Need to Know? • Code Sheets – ASCII is the most likely but there are thousands and thousands. • Error levels – EVERY operation produces an error code. Mostly it is “error level 0” Meaning everything is OK, some are flags. • Protocols – A list of the rules we will operate under. • Endians – Determines where to start counting the bits. Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 4

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 8 9 A B C D E F 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Hex to Binary 6

Code Sheet to HEX to Binary 8 4 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 C Code. Sheet. Value 128 64 0 1 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 76 Code. Sheet. Value 7

01010111 01101000 01100001 01110100 00100000 5 7 6 8 6 1 7 4 2 0 01001001 01110011 00100000 0100 01100001 4 9 7 3 2 0 4 4 6 1 01110100 01100001 00111111 00001101 00001010 7 4 6 1 2 F 0 D 0 A 01010111 01101000 01100001 01110100 00100000 01101001 01110011 00100000 0100 01101001 01100111 01101001 01110100 01100001 01101100 00100000 0100 01100001 01110100 01100001

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01010111 01101000 01100001 01110100 00100000 5 7 W 6 8 h 6 1 a 7 4 t 2 0 01001001 01110011 00100000 0100 01100001 4 9 I 7 3 s 2 0 6 1 a 2 F 4 4 D 6 1 a 01110100 01100001 00111111 00001101 00001010 7 4 t 0 D 0 A 01010111 01101000 01100001 01110100 00100000 01101001 01110011 00100000 0100 01101001 01100111 01101001 01110100 01100001 01101100 00100000 0100 01100001 01110100 01100001

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Binary describes color, sound, shapes, and other data. Copyright 2011 – mlcu. com 14

Bitmap in hex editor Copyright 2011 – mlcu. com 15

XOR Exclusive OR – is like adding without carrying the 1. 0 xor 0 = 0 0 xor 1 = 1 1 xor 0 = 1 1 xor 1 = 0 (10 but don’t carry the 1) Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 17

XOR to get Parity • If I can XOR two bits… Then I should be able to XOR a series of bits (even parity). 1010 = 0 00000001 = 1 11111100 00110101 01101100 = 0 Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 18

and … • XOR is good for digital signatures, checksums Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 19

Encryption • Exclusive OR a string of text (called plain text) in binary, with a string of text (called the encryption string) and call the result cypher text. • Send the cypher text to a recipient who XORs the string of text used to encrypt and the result is the original text Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 20

Encryption with XOR • Plain text binary string (Ab. Cd 41, 62, 43, 64) • Encryption string (Key$ 4 B, 65, 79, 24) • Cypher text (. . : @ 0 A, 07, 3 A, 40) 01000001 01100010 01000011 011001001011 01100101 01111001 00100100 00001010 00000111010 01000000 Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 21

Encryption with XOR • Cypher text (. . : @ 0 A, 07, 3 A, 40) • Encryption string (Key$ 4 B, 65, 79, 24) • Plain text binary string (Ab. Cd 41, 62, 43, 64) 00001010 00000111010 01000000 01001011 01100101 01111001 001001000001 01100010 01000011 01100100 Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 22

New Flag of Freedom Copyright 2011 – mlcu. com

Flags, error levels 1 -> 00000001 2 -> 00000010 4 -> 00000100 8 -> 00001000 16 -> 00010000 32 -> 00100000 64 -> 01000000 128 -> 10000000 Copyright 2011 – mlcu. com 25

RWX-RWX Unix file permissions set by a series of three bit binary flags. One set for Owner, Group, All. 4 2 1 r w x r w - r - - 7 6 Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 4 26

IP Addresses 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 255 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 192 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 1 1 1 127 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 168 Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 27

MAC Address Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 28

Packet Sniffer Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 29

The GET packet. Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 30

ASCII test available but that does not have a key… ALT 168 question mark ALT 174 Copyright 2011 – mlcu. com £ 156 ° 0176 ² 0178 ☻ 2 ♥ 3 ♦ 4 ♣ 5 ♠ 6 ♪ 13 ♫ 14 § 21 ¿ 168 ½ 171 ¼ 172 ¡ 173 ± 241 ÷ 246 ≈ 247 31

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What is Data? • In this case the code page looks to be rubbish • But with the right data, code sheet, error levels, protocols, and Endians you make magic • Who’s a good boy! Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 33

01010100. 01101000. 01100001. 01101110. 01101011. 00100000. 01111001. 01101111. 01110101. 00100000. 01101111. 011100100000. 01111001. 01101111. 01110101. 011100100000. 01100001. 01110100. 01100101. 01101110100. 01101001. 01101110. 00101110. 00100000. 01001000. 01100001. 011101100101. 00100000. 01100001. 00100000. 011001110010. 01100101. 01100001. 01110100. 00100000. 01100100. 01100001. 01111001. 00100001. 54. 68. 61. 6 E. 6 B. 20. 79. 6 F. 75. 20. 66. 6 F. 72. 20. 79. 6 F. 75. 72. 20. 61. 74. 65. 6 E. 74. 69. 6 F. 6 E. 20. 48. 61. 76. 65. 20. 61. 20. 67. 72. 65. 61. 74. 20. 64. 61. 79. 21. Thank you for your attention. Have a great day! Copyright 2018 – mlcu. com 34