WHAT IS CULTURE Knowledge values customs and physical

WHAT IS CULTURE? Knowledge, ______, values, customs, and physical ______ passed down from generation to generation § Material Culture § § § Skyscrapers Computers Cell phones Cars TVs ______ § Non-material Culture § § § Beliefs Rules Customs Family system Capitalist economy ________

§ Group of people that live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture § So, the difference between Culture and society is____________

Are we impacted by culture? § Nature § Reflexes § Biologically inherited reaction to a physical stimuli § Pupils contract in bright light § Drives § Impulse to reduce discomfort § Hungry? - you eat; Tired? - you sleep § Nurture § Environmental factors like our _____ and _______

NURTURE - Impact of Culture / Society § Culture is learned through _ a _ g _ _ _ e § Physical objects, sounds, smells, tastes, words § words are a _ _ _ for an object § EX – § Language frees us of time and place. § This is called… § Cultural Transmission § Passing of culture from generation to generation

Language (Cont’d) § The more important the idea/concept/physical object the more words we have to represent it § US: snow = few words Inuit (Eskimo): snow = more than twenty What ideas/concepts/objects do WE have a lot of words for?

TICKET IN…. CHOOSE ONE…min 5 line response § 1. Describe your personality and include one part of it that is from nature (biology) and one part that is from nurture (culture/environment). § 2. Write about an example of cultural transmission and include a symbol (word, object, taste, behavior) that was passed down to you from generation to generation. Highlight or underline the symbol! § 3. Tell me about SENIOR CULTURE at CR North through identifying a “norm”, “value”, and “belief” that affect seniors’ behavior.

Components of § Norms - Rules defining behavior in a specific situation § Taught through the use of sanctions (rewards and punishments) § Standing in line for concert tickets § Applaud for a guest speaker § __________________ § Values - Broad ideas about what most people in a society/group consider desirable § _________________________ § Usually not dictated by ___________________ § Beliefs - Ideas about reality § Can be true or false § Germans believed if they put a poster of Hitler on their walls, it would prevent the walls from crumbling during bombing (false) § No intelligent life exists on Mars (true – based on scientific evidence)

Types of 1. Folkways 2. Mores § Taboos 3. Laws

§ § § Norms that lack moral significance Not considered vital to group welfare Disapproval for breaking a folkway is not costly § Sleeping on the floor vs. in a bed § ____________________ § Smoking in public places (folkway turned law as norms changed)

§ Norms with GREAT moral significance § Vital to well being of society; therefore, conformity is a social requirement § Cheating on a test § Yelling “fire” in a public place § _________________

MORE § Most serious mores are TABOOS § Violation demands punishment by group § Not laws, but unacceptable § Many relate to sexual behaviors § Incest § Cannibalism

Formally defined and enforced by officials Consciously created and enforced Guided by mores – as culture changes so do the laws (ie. smoking ban in public places) § Essential for society’s well being § § Running a red light § Murder

§ Rewards/Punishments that _____ people to follow norms § By a certain age we conform to norms, etc. without threat of sanctions…. Why? § 1. § 2. § 3.

IDEAL CULTURE VS. REAL CULTURE IDEAL CULTURE 1. Cultural guidelines publicly embraced by society – “how we should behave” 2. High set of standards that most people aim for REAL CULTURE § Society’s actual behavior! – “how we actually behave”

IDEAL vs. REAL EXAMPLES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. HONESTY Student cheat on tests People violate tax laws EXTREMES like murder, rape, etc. are part of NEITHER culture because……

Think of an example of real and ideal culture at Council Rock North. Should the aspect of ideal culture be abandoned? Why or why not?

CULTURAL CHANGE 3 REASONS 1) Discovery – process of finding something that already exists EXAMPLE: Athletic ability of women – always existed but recently acknowledged 2) Invention – creation of something new EXAMPLE: Steam engine, cell phone, i-Pod 3) Diffusion – borrowing aspects from other cultures EXAMPLE: Food: tacos, pizza, hamburgers (Mc. Donalds), Piñatas - celebrations

Culture Change § Read your assigned article for five minutes § Identify whether your article pertains to Cultural Discovery, Invention, or Diffusion § Highlight/underline a part of the article that supports your position above AND explain why

Duggar Family (US) – 19 kids and counting! One Child Policy (China)

Subculture - Part of a larger culture/society but differs in an important respect Examples: 1. “Chinatown” 2. 3.

§ Counterculture § A subculture that is consciously opposed to certain central beliefs/attitudes of the larger culture Examples: 1. “Skinheads” 2. 3.

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS Across ALL cultures there exists over 7, 70, 1700? common cultural traits – Essential to the survival of cultures!!! Biological needs – Because food is necessary, cooking must be done Physical needs – Because protection is necessary for survival, shelter must be created EXAMPLES: Sports, cooking, courtship, medicine, language, music, mourning, religion, etc.

Not all cultural universals are carried out in the same way = Examples: “Family is a cultural universal , BUT, the way a culture raises a child is a cultural particular US – Typical for women to raise children New Guinea – Men completely in charge Can you think of Cultural Particulars for… Cooking ? Marriage ? Sports ? Family ?

TICKET OUT… § 5 line response § Make a connection between your life/current events and one of the following terms: (choose one) sub cultures, counter cultures, cultural universals, or cultural particulars.

Body Ritual among the Nacirema (Horace Milner, Anthropologist) 1. Highlight or underline two examples of material culture and two examples of non – material culture and label it in the margin. 2. Highlight or underline one folkway, one more, and one law of the Nacirema and label it in the margin. 3. Highlight or underline one sanction in Nacirema culture and label it in the margin. 4. At the end of the article, write down one value of the Nacirema. 5. Use your sociological imagination…if you lived in this culture, how you behave differently or similarly to how you behave now?

Body Ritual among the Nacirema (Horace Milner, Anthropologist) 1. What are your impressions of this culture? (use adjectives to describe) 2. Highlight or underline three examples of this culture that caught your attention. 3. Did you feel the author made value judgments or was it impartial in its description of another culture? Highlight or underline one example to support your answer. 4. What are some reasons why this culture may have had so many body rituals? 5. Would you choose to live in a culture like the Nacirema? Why not?