WHAT IS CRUSTAL EXTENSION AND WHICH GLOBAL LANDSCAPE

WHAT IS CRUSTAL EXTENSION AND WHICH GLOBAL LANDSCAPE FEATURES DOES IT GIVE RISE TO?

CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crust Upper Mantle Asthenosphere

CRUSTAL EXTENSION

CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crustal Thinning

CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crustal Thinning Crustal Faulting

DIVERGENCE. 1 Old Crustal Block

DIVERGENCE. 2 Crustal Thinning & Faulting Block 1 Block 2 Large reservoir of liquid magma close to surface of crust

DIVERGENCE. 2 Block 1 Block 2 Active Volcanoes Long Deep Lakes

DIVERGENCE. 3 Block 1 Block 2 Crustal blocks moving further apart

DIVERGENCE. 3 Block 1 Older volcanic rocks cooled, solidifies, contracts and adheres to blocks. Block 2 Crustal blocks moving further apart

DIVERGENCE. 3 Block 1 Older volcanic rocks cooled, solidifies, contracts and adheres to blocks. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2 Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle

DIVERGENCE. 3 Sea invades long narrow inlet. Block 1 Older volcanic rocks cooled, solidifies, contracts and adheres to blocks. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2 Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle.

DIVERGENCE. 4 Block 1 Block 2 Crustal blocks moving further apart

DIVERGENCE. 4 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Block 2 Crustal blocks moving further apart

DIVERGENCE. 4 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Younger volcanic further from block. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2

DIVERGENCE. 4 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Younger volcanic further from block. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2 Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle

Sea broadening, shallow water, volcanic islands in middle DIVERGENCE. 4 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Younger volcanic further from block. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2 Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle

DIVERGENCE. 5 Block 1 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2

DIVERGENCE. 5 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2

DIVERGENCE. 5 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Old volcanic further from block. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2

DIVERGENCE. 5 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Old volcanic further from block. Young volcanic near mid-ocean. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2

DIVERGENCE. 5 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Old volcanic further from block. Young volcanic near mid-ocean. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2 Active volcanicity in mid-ocean.

Large ocean basin underlain by volcanic rocks symmetrically distributed DIVERGENCE. 5 Block 1 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Old volcanic further from block. Young volcanic near mid-ocean. Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 2 Active volcanicity in mid-ocean.

Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo Rwanda Block 1 Block 2 EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY

4 5 HIGHEST PEAKS IN AFRICA 2 3 1 5 EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY

4 2 nd and 3 rd DEEPEST LAKES IN THE WORLD 2 3 1 5 EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES 03. 02. b 1

Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea, fit together like pieces of a jig-saw puzzle across either side of the Red Sea. Block 1 Block 2

03. 00. a 1 f

10. 08. a 4

Extinct volcano! USS Cole 17 Died 39 Injured Aden, 2000 Volcanic lavas have filled the rift on the African side (Afar Triangle), creating strategic choke-point between Somalia and Yemen! Block 1 Block 2 Former Yemeni President, Ali Abdullah Saleh

Suez Canal links Mediterranean and Indian Ocean via the Red Sea. Grandfather, Fred Mundy D. C. M. Suez – Jerusalem 1917 -18 Block 1 Block 2 Aden: British controlled 18391967.

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES 03. 02. b 1

THE WEST BANK SETTLEMENTS Pre-1967 Arab-Israeli War border of Israel Jerusalem

GOLAN HEIGHTS (EAST BANK!)

ATLANTIC OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN ICELAND

ATLANTIC OCEAN Ronald Reagan Margaret Thatcher

OIL AND NATURAL GAS BRITAIN ARGENTINA NORTH SEA FALKLANDS MALVINAS EUROPE SOUTH ATLANTIC 10. b 1

ATLANTIC OCEAN ELBA ST. HELENA

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES 03. 02. b 1 NB. THESEMUST APPEAR ABOVE SEA LEVEL TO BE PLOTTED!

ATLANTIC OCEAN 10. 04. a 3

INDIAN OCEAN 10. 04. a 3

PACIFIC OCEAN 10. 04. a 3

SOUTHERN OCEAN 10. 04. a 3

10. 04. a 4

THINK! TIME AND SPACE.

FIVE ACT PLAY I II IV Length of Play = 2 hr 7 version of the play running over a period of 4 hrs V

SEVEN THEATERS START THE PLAY AT RANDOM TIMES. SEVEN SPECTACTORS ARRIVE AT EACH ONE OF THE DIFFERENT THEATERS SIMULTANEOUSLY AND RECORD WHICH ACT THE PLAY IS IN. One in Act 1, 1 Act 2, 2 Act 3, 2 Act 4, 1 Act 5 -: Roughly proportional to the lengths of time spent in each act. We can’t watch the whole play (ocean basin formation), but we can visit many ocean basins now and assume that they represent the lengths of time that the play would spend in each act if we were able to observe it over time.