What is cooperative and collaborative approach Ken Bruffee

What is cooperative and collaborative approach? - Ken Bruffee (1995) identifies two causes for the differences between the two approaches. He states: "First, collaborative and cooperative learning were developed originally for educating people of different ages, experience and levels of mastery of the craft of interdependence. Second, when using one method or the other method, teachers tend to make different assumptions about the nature and authority of knowledge. "

What is cooperative and collaborative approach? The term computer-supported collaborative learning was used as early as 1989 by O’Malley and Scanlon and was recognized by Koschmann as an important area of research focus in 1996 (Lipponen, Hakkarainen, & Paavola, 2004). CSCL is emerging as a dynamic, interdisciplinary, and international field of research focused on how technology can facilitate the sharing and creation of knowledge and expertise through peer interaction and group learning processes.

What is cooperative and collaborative approach? - These two words are often used for students who work together. - Some would say it is quite similar to each other. But let us see what are there similarities and differences.

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) - The CSCL field of inquiry includes a range of situations in which interactions take place among students using computer networks to enhance the learning environment. It includes the use of technology to support asynchronous and synchronous communication between students on-campus as well as students who are geographically distributed.

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) - The primary aim of CSCL is to provide an environment that supports collaboration between students to enhance their learning processes (Kreijns, Kirschner, & Jochems, 2003), facilitate collective learning (Pea, 1994), or group cognition (Stahl, 2006).

COOPERATIVE LEARNING When we say cooperative, like the cast and crew of a theatre production, co-operation involves interdependence. Roles and responsibilities are clearly defined but are open for negotiation. This method of collaboration brings with it a strong sense of accountability.

COOPERATIVE LEARNING A typical collaborative learning process: - Students organize their efforts between themselves (groupstructured) - Students source material to help them complete the activity - The activity is not monitored by the teacher (although they can help when assistance is requested by the group) - Students assess their own individual and group performance - Success depends on individual strengths

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING According to the research, students progress personally, while collectively working towards a common goal. Students are accountable to one another and, with appropriate direction, will self-manage this. Pupils learn to better understand anticipate difference, recognize it in themselves and others, and use it to their advantage.

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING In contrast to collaborative learning, a cooperative learning structure takes the following form: - Activities are structured with each student assigned a specific role (teacher-structured) - Teachers supply information for students to read analyse (or let pupils know where this info can be found)

COLLABORATIVE LEARNING - Teachers observe, listen and intervene where necessary - Students submit work at the end of lesson for evaluation/assessment - The success of the group depends upon the efforts of everyone involved.

What are the benefits of cooperativecollaborative learning: The majority of students learn best when they are immersed in learning, through interaction and application. A student is more likely to remember something discovered through active participation and peer work than through the passive acceptance of information presented by the teacher.

Making learning more memorable with collaborative and cooperative learning: - By working with their classmates, students come to recognize, understand respect cultural differences and different perspectives - Performance is improved. With collaborative/cooperative methods much more valuable than individualistic ways of building student performance and progression

Making learning more memorable with collaborative and cooperative learning: - Group work helps students who have difficulty with social skills. Providing a safe and structured space to interact with others - Confidence is emboldened, with students able to recognize and value the importance of their contributions

Making learning more memorable with collaborative and cooperative learning: - Inclusivity is encouraged. There is no such thing as an average child, and collaborative/cooperative methods allow each child to work to their strengths. To help with this, tools such as Class Flow let teachers create study groups (and assignments for cooperative learning) based on each pupil’s ability, level, and learning style. With this approach, children are more likely to play an active role and are less liable to become disengaged and frustrated

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