What is charisma A special charm or appeal

What is charisma? A special charm or appeal that causes people to feel attracted and excited by someone (such as a politician) ( Merriam -Webster Dictionary? ) 1864 - 1920

Concepts of Charismatic Leadership Weber’s Concept of Charisma O An adaptation of theological concept, involving endowment with the gift of divine grace. (Bass, 2008) O The leader is a mystical, narcissistic, magnetic savior with extraordinary capabilities. O Comes in times of crisis with a doctrine to promote. O Instead of God, charisma is bestowed by people.

Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: O A person with extraordinary gifts O A Crisis O A Radical solution to the crisis O Followers who believe in the powers of the invincible leader O Validation of the person’s gifts in repeated experiences of success. (Trice and Beyer, 1986)

Post- Weberian Charisma O Leaders are charismatic if they influenced and effected their followers, received unquestioning obedience and acceptance of the leader, identified with the leader , emotionally got involved with the mission, had elevated goals, self efficacy and collective efficacy ( House, 1977) O According to Bass charisma is a component of transformational leadership. O A Charismatic leader is unconventional, visionary, and willing to take risks (Conger and Kanugo, 1987) O Portrays confidence, dominance and sense of purpose

Post- Weberian Charisma O Articulates goals and ideas for which followers are already mentally prepared (Fromm, 1941) O Charismatic leaders are concerned with doing the right thing than doing the things right, and can bring about radical transformation in groups, organizations or societies (Lawler, 1982) O Charismatic leaders can appear in the absence of a crisis such financial investors. (Bass, 2008)

Types of Charismatics Socialized Personalized Charismatic Leader O These types of leaders are dominant, self interested, and authoritarian. (Hitler, Stalin etc. ) O They use their powers of persuasion to obtain their followers’ obedience and submission. (Mc. Clelland, 1975) O By distancing themselves from their followers, their magical charismatic image is increased. (Bass, 2008) Charismatic Leader O These types of leaders are O O oriented toward serving others. Goals and inspirations are shared with followers. Sociological distance between the leader and followers is reduced. They are constructive, egalitarian and serve collective interest. ( Bass 2008) Their leadership is dedicated to the well being of the group. (Lipman, Blueman 1996)

Types of Charismatics The Office Charismatic Leader ( Etzioni 1961) and (Hollander 1978) O The leadership can be a property of one’s position. ( i. e American Presidents. ) O Office Charisma is ascribed. ( Etzioni 1961) Celebrities Charismatic Leader O Psychological projection and identification play important roles. (Schiffer 1983) Close and Distant Charismatic Leader ( Shamir 1995) O Close leaders are directly connected, usually face-to-face. (Teacher -student) O Distant leaders such as generals and prime ministers are socially distant from their followers.

O Inspirational Leadership: Obama (Downton 1973) Alternative Concepts Similar to Charismatic Leadership O Heroic Leadership (George Washington) Burns 1978 O Visionary Leadership (Ataturk) Sashkin 1988 O Value Based Leadership (Lenin) House 1997 O Outstanding Leadership (Churchill) House and Podsakoff 1994 O Maximum Leadership (Steve Jobs) Zaleznik abs Kets de Vries 1975 O Transformational Leadership (Ghandi) Burns 1978

Characteristics of Charismatic Leaders O Requisite Abilities (Bass 2008) O Self Determination (Weber O Decision making, persuasion, O O O risk taking, accomplishment, Personal Traits (Conger & Kanungo 1988 -1994) Strongly articulate, agents of radical change, idealistic, self confident Expressive Behavior(Friedman, Prince, Riggio and i. Matteo 1980) Nonverbal emotional expressiveness, powerful confident dynamic expressiveness Self Confidence (Hoffman&Hoffman 1970) O O O 1924/1947) Insight Mc. Clelland 1975) Freedom from Internal Conflict (Kets de Vries 1984) Eloquence and Rhetoric (Carson 1987) Activity and Energy Levels(Grant and Bateman 2000) Sell Sacrificial Disposition (House and Shamir 1993) Envisioning and Charismatic Leadership

Routinization O It is the last thing effects of charismatic leaders. O It provides continuity of the message and mission. (Bass 2008)

Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill ² Born in 1874, son of Lord Randolph Churchill, a prominent politician ² Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955 ² Historian and writer ² The only British Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature ² Attended Royal Military College where his leadership qualities were first developed 1864 -1920

Winston Churchill ² Entered parliament in 1901 at age 26 ² Appointed First Lord of Admiralty in the Royal Navy during World War I, resigned after the defeat in Gallipoli by the Turkish Armies led by Ataturk ² Appointed to the same post in 1939 with start of the World War II ² In May 1940, took over as prime minister and served until the end of the war.

His Leadership Qualities according to Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: 1 -A person with extraordinary gifts: u He was an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer (as Winston S. Churchill), and an artist. Churchill is the only British Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature u As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan u gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns. u Served as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Air, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Chancellor of the Exchequer , Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty and two times as Prime Minister

His Leadership Qualities according to Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: 2 -A Crisis- World War II O By refusing to concede to Nazi Germany inspired his country and gained nations’ trust 3 -A Radical solution to the crisis O communicated his vision in an expressive manner O Churchill’s vision was of selfpreservation and the preservation of free governments and Western civilizations against advancing dictatorship “. . . we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender’’

His Leadership Qualities according to Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: 4 -Followers who believe in the powers of the invincible leader O His inspiring speeches encouraged the British people to be courageous and hopeful in a time of despair (one of his quotes: ‘’Never, never give up’’ O People trusted him. His style of leadership was decisive and bold, he knew what we wanted to achieve and brought about ways in which to fulfill his goals. O By making impressive appearances, Churchill was able to enhance his charismatic traits. His refined appearance of bow ties, tall hats and cigars became a trademark. 5 -Validation of the person’s gifts in repeated experiences of success. O On Victory in Europe Day, Churchill broadcast to the nation that Germany had surrendered and that a final cease fire on all fronts in Europe would come into effect at one minute past midnight that night. Afterwards, Churchill told a huge crowd in Whitehall: "This is your victory. " The people shouted: "No, it is yours"

M. Kemal Ataturk

M. Kemal Ataturk u Born in 1881, in Salonica, then an Ottoman city, now in Greece u In 1905, graduated from the War Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain u Emerging as a military hero at the Dardanelles in 1915 , he became the charismatic leader of the Turkish national liberation struggle in 1919 u Blazed across the world scene in the early 1920 s as a triumphant commander who crushed the invaders of his country and he led his nation to full independence 1881 -1938

M. Kemal Ataturk u put an end to the Ottoman dynasty whose tale had lasted more than six centuries - and created the Republic of Turkey in 1923, establishing a new government truly representative of the nation's will. u Served as President for 15 years, until his death in 1938 u introduced a broad range of swift and sweeping reforms - in the political, social, legal, economic, and cultural spheres - virtually unparalleled in any other country.

M. Kemal Ataturk u Created the Republic of Turkey in 1923 u In 1924 adopted a new constitution to replace the 1876 constitution that had continued to serve as the legal framework for the republican government u Established the principle of republicanism which was contained in the constitutional declaration that "sovereignty is vested in the nation” u In 1926 , adopted new civil, commercial, and penal codes based on European models u 1934 Women given the vote and the right to hold office

His Leadership Qualities according to Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: 1 -A person with extraordinary gifts:

His Leadership Qualities according to Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: 2 -A Crisis- World War II 3 -A Radical solution to the crisis O “…Victory is for those who can say "Victory is mine". Success is for those who can begin saying "I will succeed" and say "I have succeeded" in the end. ” Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

His Leadership Qualities according to Five components of charisma conceptualized by Weber: 4 -Followers who believe in the powers of the invincible leader 5 -Validation of the person’s gifts in repeated experiences of success. O In 1922 abolished the Ottoman sultanate, and O In 1924 it abolished the caliphate, which the Ottoman sultanate had held for centuries.