What Is Biology Chapter 1 Biology n n

What Is Biology? Chapter 1

Biology n n Bio-ology life the study of n Biology - THE STUDY OF LIFE

What is LIFE? What is LIVING? Scientists conclude that a group of things is living if, at sometime, the members of the group meet ALL of the 7 characteristics of life. - What are some living things? - What are some non-living things?

What is an ORGANISM? n Any living thing.

Living, Non-living & Dead n Livingn n Non-livingn n Meet ALL 7 characteristics of life. Do not meet ALL 7 characteristics of life. Dead (once living)n At one time, met ALL 7 characteristics of life.

What are the 7 Characteristics Of Life? n Organisms are organized. n Organisms maintain homeostasis. n Organisms metabolize. n Organisms respond to their surroundings. n Organisms make more living things. n Organisms pass traits to offspring. n Organisms grow.

Organisms are ORGANIZED n n n Have order- an orderly structure. Specialized parts do specific jobs, but they all work together. Individual cells are also organized; each part doing a special job. Example: The human body is organized: Cells>Tissues>Organs> Organ Systems> Organisms

Maintain Homeostasis n Homeon n the same Homeostasis n Maintenance of internal environment; maintaining a constant balance or equilibrium Example: Sweating or shivering to maintain a constant body temperature.

Organisms metabolize. n n n Organisms need power (energy) to perform metabolic life functions. Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions carried out by the organism. Autotroph- “self-feeder” n n An organism that has the ability to obtain energy from sunlight or inorganic substances and produce its own food supply. Energy source- sunlight Examples- plants n Heterotroph- “other-feeder” n n An organism that must get its energy from food sources. Energy sources- chemicals, other organisms, decaying matter Examples- animals, fungus

Organisms respond to their surroundings. n Response to a stimulus n Adjusting to a change in the environment Example: Squinting in the sunlight n n Usually temporary Adaptation n Any structure or behavior that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Organisms make more living things. n n n Reproduction: making more of the species; producing offspring. Organisms can only come from other organisms. If organisms did not reproduce, the species would go extinct.

Asexual Vs. Sexual Reproduction A-= no, without Asexual= without sex n The creation of offspring from one parent. Produces an offspring with no genetic variation; exactly the same as the parent. n Bacteria, Planarians, Cells n n The creation of offspring from two parents. Produces an offspring with genetic variation. Requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

Heredity n n Parents pass their traits onto offspring. Inherited characteristics change over time. This can lead to evolution.

Organisms change during their lives. n Growth & Development n n n Growth: Cells get larger and more numerous. Organisms develop more/different structures. Organisms will experience many physical changes throughout the life cycle.