What is APA Style APA American Psychological Association

What is APA Style? APA =American Psychological Association APA style is used by researchers in: Business Education Health Sciences (nursing, medical assisting, etc. ) Public Relations Social Sciences (psychology, criminal justice, etc. ) And More Why cite? Avoid plagiarism, be ethical by crediting others’ work Lead readers to your sources Organize your writing Present yourself professionally in your classes and work

Basic Paper Guidelines Double-spaced. 1” margins on all sides. 12 -point Times New Roman font. Unsure? Check the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for clarification, more detail, and sample papers. Check your instructor’s requirements.

APA Citation Style There are two parts to citing your sources: • References (complete citations at the end of your paper), and • In-text citations (within your paper) that refer to the References list

References Page Begin on a new page at the end of your paper. Title is centered. Title is: References Double space (same as the paper text). ½” (one tab) hanging indentation for each entry. Entries are arranged alphabetically by authors’ last names. If no author, alphabetize using the first citation element (title). List sources by the same author in chronological order. Do you know how to double-space and do hanging indentation the easy way?

References – Help! Library’s APA Style guide at http: //www. uww. edu/documents/library/apacite. pdf - selected examples from the Manual Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6 th ed. • If the Manual has no specific guidance for a source type: follow the format of the example that is most similar to it • For more help, try the APA Style Blog at http: //blog. apastyle. org/

Basics of Citations What do you need to include? �Author(s) �Publication date �Title �Where you found it

Authors Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Example: Salinger, J. D. If there’s no author put the title first. Example: Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Authors, cont’d Multiple authors? Use the & symbol. Two authors: Geisel, T. S. , & Lewis, S. Three to seven authors: Salinger, J. D. , Geisel, T. S. , Lewis, S. , & Oates, J. More than seven authors: Dickens, C. , Salinger, J. D. , Dickinson, E. , Geisel, T. S. , Lewis, S. , Stoker, B. , . . . Stowe, H. B. This is different from the in-text citation rule for the same source (Dickens et al. )

APA, MLA or Turabian? Berndt, Thomas Jefferson. “Friendship Quality and Social Development. ” Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, no. 1 (2002): 7 -10. Berndt, Thomas Jefferson. “Friendship Quality and Social Development. ” Current Directions in Psychological Science 11. 1 (2002) : 7 -10. Print. Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 7 -10.

Titles Notes on formatting: Italicize titles of whole works (books, journals, CDs, etc. ). Do not italicize or use quotation marks on titles of parts of works (chapters, articles, songs, etc. ). Only capitalize the first word and proper nouns. EXCEPTION: Journal titles are capitalized “normally, ” i. e. , every significant word is capitalized. Book: Hard times. Journal: Dickens Quarterly Article in Journal: Green cheese. Canadian Architect.

Books Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication year). Book title. Publication City, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Moore, L. L. , & Maye, C. (2011). Advertising and public relations law. New York, NY: Routledge.

Journal Article (in print) Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), first page-last page. Light, M. A. , & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73 -82.

Journal Article (online) Add DOI or URL at the end DOI: A digital object identifier is assigned to a specific article and can usually be found on the article’s first page, or it may be in the database/webpage where the article was found. • Example: doi: 10. 1016/j. maturitas. 2011. 05. 011 URL: If there is no DOI, use the uniform resource locator for the periodical homepage, NOT the article webpage, database webpage, or article in the database. • You can usually do an Internet search for the title of the journal plus the publisher name (if known) to find the journal homepage. • Some databases, like those from EBSCOhost, provide this information or a link to the publisher. • Example: http: //www. journals. elsevier. com/maturitas/

JOURNAL ARTICLE (online, no DOI can be found) Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), first page-last page. Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL Sillick, T. J. , & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and selfesteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38 -48. Retrieved from http: //ojs. lib. swin. edu. au/index. php/ejap

JOURNAL ARTICLE (online, with a DOI) Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number, first page-last page. doi: digital object identifier Herbst-Damm, K. L. , & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225 -229. doi: 10. 1037/0278 -6133. 24. 2. 225

In-Text Citations What do you need to include? � Author’s last name � Publication date � Page number (required if quoting, encouraged when paraphrasing) Put all of this information in parentheses, or within the text of your paper. Examples: “The moon is made of green cheese” (Dolinger, 2009, p. 99). Dolinger (2009) said, “The moon is made of green cheese” (p. 99). (Note: Quotations of 40+ words should be block quotations. )

In-Text Citations Multiple authors For one or two authors, always list both names connected by the “&” symbol when in parentheses, or “and” when not. Examples: (Geisel & Lewis) Geisel and Lewis For 3 -5 authors, list all the first time you cite the source. After that, use the first author’s name, followed by “et al. ” Example: Salinger, Geisel, and Lewis found that… Salinger et al. stated that… With 6 or more, just use the first author’s name, followed by et al. Example: Dickens et al. argued… No author available Use a shortened title in parentheses (start with the first word). Example: National Library Week is in April (“Library Event Rocks, ” 2009) Article title is: Library Event Rocks Whitewater in October

Titles in In-text Citations (no author) Whole works should be italicized Books Journals CDs Parts of works should be in “quotation marks” Chapters Journal articles Song titles

Parenthetical Citation with Authors Sillick, T. J. , & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self -esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38 -48. Retrieved from http: //ojs. lib. swin. edu. au/index. php/ejap/ article/view/71 /100 (Sillick & Schutte, 2006, p. 40)

Parenthetical Citation without Author or Page Number Slingshot fun [Video file]. (2007, January 29). Retrieved from http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=CCm. ZYce 0 J 2 E (Slingshot fun, 2007)

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