What is an Urban Settlement The Distribution of

• What is an Urban Settlement? • The Distribution of Major Cities in the World • Urbanization and Urban Growth • How does the urban growth?

An Urban Place is …. . .

An Urban Place is. .

Hong Kong New York Tokyo Bombay Sao Paulo

Spatial Distribution of World Cities èalong the coast / route focus èmainly in the N. Hemisphere èmainly between 100 N and 600 N

Conurbation and Megalopolis

Some Conurbation and Megalopolises in the World

Urbanization is defined as the process by an increasing proportion of a country’s population lives in urban areas.

Urban Growth Urban growth means the increase in the number, but not the necessary the proportion, of urban dwellers in a country.

The Proportion of World Population Living in Urban Areas

How does Urbanization take place ?

(1) Natural Growth of Urban Population Birth Rate - Death Rate

(2) Rural-Urban Migration

People leave their old home rural area because of. . Push Factors

• No spare land to get a farm! • No jobs available! • Poor and inadequate facilities! • Boring life!

• • Low Living Standard! Poor living Condition! Overpopulation! Less Provision of Education!

People are attracted to cities because of. . Pull Factors

• Easy to get a job! • Better living conditions! • Better facilities! • More entertainment !

• Improved Communication! • High and Stable Income! • More Provision of Education! • Industrialization!

How does the urban grow and expand? • Two types of expansion: • 1. Horizontal - (urban sprawl) • 2. Vertical - (buildings increase in height)

Process of Urban Sprawl Overcrowded Expand outwards Along the main road Star shape Feeder join to the main road • New settlement filled • • • SEA

• Urban Land Uses in Hong Kong • Land Use Models • Current Development of Urban Areas in Hong Kong

Urban Land Uses • Commercial Land Use • Residential Land Use • Industrial Land Use • Institutional Land Use • Recreation Land Use • Transport Land Use

Commercial Land Use • Central Business District (CBD) • Examples in Hong Kong: - Central, - Tsim Sha Tsui • High land rent • Good accessibility • High-rise building

Residential Land Use • High class residential areas - Mid-levels, Kowloon Tong, Hong Lok Yuen • Middle class residential areas - Tai Koo Shing, Mei Foo Sun Chuen • Low class residential areas - Tse Wan Shan, Yau Ma Tei

How do we classify the residential area?

Industrial Land Use • Old Industrial Zone - Tai Kok Tsui, - Sheung Wan • Industries along the waterfront - Kwai Chung, Kwun Tong • New Industrial Zone - Tai Po, Yuen Long, Junk Bay

Industrial Land Use In Hong Kong • What type of industries are the pictures?

Institutional Land Use • Administrative: - Courts • Cultural and public services: - Schools • Military: - Barracks

Recreation Land Use • Parks • Sport ground • Indoor playground • Swimming pool

Transport Land Use • Roads • Car parks • Transport Terminals • Airports • Container Terminals

Distribution of Major Urban Land Use Zones in a City • Concentric Model - by E. W. Bugress (1923) • Sector Model - by H. Hoyt (1939) • Multiple Nuclei Model - by C. D. Harris and E. L. Ullman (1945)

Central Business District (CBD) Wholesale, Light Manufacturing (Zone in Transitional) Low Class Residential Middle Class Residential High Class Residential

Sector Model Central Business District (CBD) Wholesale, Light Manufacturing (Zone in Transitional) Low Class Residential Middle Class Residential High Class Residential

Multiple Nuclei Model CBD Wholesale Light Manufacturing L. C. R. Heavy Industries Industrial Subrub M. C. R. H. C. R. Outlying Business District Residential Subrub

Distribution of Urban Land Use Zones • Economic Factors - Competition for the use of urban land • Institutional Factors - The role of government • Historical Factors - Lack of planning, same social groups

Relationship between Bid Rent and Land Use Patterns in a City Commercial Industrial Residential

Current Development of Urban Areas in Hong Kong

Prepared by Humanities Unit Curriculum Development Institute Education Department & Ng King Yeung C. C. C. Kei Yuen College