What is an atom made of Protons Electrons

What is an atom made of ? Protons (+) -Electrons (-) -Neutrons ( ) -

Rapid Review of Atomic Theory. . • Quick chat in your teams… – talk out loud to each other about what you see/ think/know in regards to each picture • What does each image represent about the atom?

Dalton

JJ Thomson- Blueberry Muffin Model -> electrons exist

Rutherford – Gold foil Experiment -the nucleus exists!

Bohr- Electrons in shells

Do you think atomic theory is continuing to change today? • YES! • New experiments and new ideas lead to new models!

We see… We think…. We wonder…

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE SMASH ATOMS? IS THERE ANYTHING INSIDE A PROTON!?

What is a particle collider…. • Did you know there is one at UBC!?

Interesting Tid bits… • The facility is used to collide protons together at high speeds • Triumph can produce chemicals that produce short lived particles called positrons. • These are used to make images or to target certain types of cancer cells.

Let’s check out the Large Hadron Collider in France… • It is a 27 km circle underground that smashes protons! • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=328 pw 5 Taeg 0

Your Mission: 1) Work in your team to complete side one of the handout: • what you’ve learnt in previous classes about the atom…try with out the book first! 2) Use the textbooks to check your work and then continue onto to read pg 164 and explore quarks and leptons

HAND OUT SIDE 2 ANSWERS: • Matter is composed of quarks & leptons • Quarks and leptons are examples of elementary particles • There are 6 types (flavours) of quarks. • Both protons and neutrons are known as composite particles and made up of 3 quarks

2. Label the diagram showing the particles of matter: • • A) neutron B) proton C) up quark D) Electron

3. How do you smash subatomic particles pg 166 • 1 a. What is the Higgs Boson Particle? • The Higgs boson is an elementary particle whose existence has been suspected since the 1960 s • It interacts with matter to give it mass and creates a “Higgs Field”

3 b. Why is it’s discovery significant? • It took decades and billions of dollars to find create a high energy collision to find this particle! • It’s often called the “god particle” • Let’s watch: TED ~3 mins • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=jo. TKd 5 j 3 mz k

Next class: • What’s the difference between quarks and leptons?

Concept 4: Atomic theory continues to develop. • The atom is made up of smaller particles called subatomic particles – Some subatomic particles are made up of even smaller particles Figure 2. 32: Protons are made up of smaller elementary particles

Quarks • Quarks are elementary particles (cannot be split apart into smaller particles) – Six different “flavours” based on properties such as mass and charge: up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom Figure 2. 32: Protons are made up of smaller elementary particles

Quarks • Protons and neutrons are composite particles (made up of quarks) – Also contain elementary particles called gluons, which act as a glue that binds quarks together – Experience the nuclear force (strong force), which is also involved in binding quarks together Figure 2. 32: Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller elementary particles

Leptons • Electrons are elementary particles called leptons – Come in six “flavours”: electron, muon, tau, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino – Do not experience the nuclear force (strong force)

Table 2. 4: Characteristics of Leptons Lepton electron muon tau electron neutrinos muon neutrinos tau neutrinos Description • The electron is the lepton found in atoms. • Compared to the electron, muon and tau particles have the same charge (1–) but a much greater mass. • Neutrinos are very difficult to detect. They have no charge and are nearly massless. • Trillions of them pass through our bodies each second. • Neutrinos are produced by high-energy processes such as nuclear reactions in the Sun.

Discussion Questions • Describe the structure of a proton. • Compare neutrinos and electrons.