What is a Revolution How do you start

What is a Revolution? How do you start one? Why would you start one? Revolutionary France

What’s been going on in the rest of the world English Civil War American Revolution With French Support – because France and Britain are enemies

What would you do to protect your family?

What is going on in France? Henry IV – Domestic Policies…result – assassination Louis XIV – Build Versailles – Cost? Louis XVI – Lavish Lifestyle – Aggressive Foreign Policy (lots-o-wars) Estates General – French governing body, not called at all by Louis XIV

Estates General 1 st Estate - clergy members (paid little taxes) 2 nd Estate – nobles – top gov’t jobs – life at court (paid no taxes on income) 3 rd Estate – 98% of the population, bourgeoisie (lawyers, doctors, merchants, bankers, professors) and sans culottes (urban workers)

French Revolution: The Players Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Marat – Newspaper Journalist Robespierre Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Guillotine Napoleon Bonaparte

The four phases of the revolution 1789 -91: National Assembly turns France into constitutional monarchy 1792 -94: escalating violence leads to “Reign of Terror” 1795 -99: reaction against violence lead by Directory 1799 -1815: Napoleon takes over and institutes many of the reforms

Phase I: 1789 -1791 Violence against nobles is led by peasants Storming the Bastille – symbolizes beginning of the Revolution Nobles give up special rights to National Assembly

Declaration of the Rights of Man Modeled after U. S. Declaration of Independence Freedom of speech Gives rights to “liberty, property, security” All male citizens equal “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” You gotta fight…for your right…

Long live the King? Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette put under virtual arrest in Paris palace King grudgingly allows the Constitution of 1791 that formed a limited monarchy in France

Runaway King Louis and Marie try to escape France Caught by currency outside Paris! French now hate the “traitor to the revolution!” While the French now hate their king, numerous neighboring countries try to offer their support for him? Why?

Phase II: Reign of Terror Louis XVI put on trial as traitor Regicide France by guillotine is now led by a Republic government

Robespierre Takes Charge France is now at war with almost all of Europe……oh, oh! Civil war still rages in France What do you do? Maximilien Robespierre forms Committee on Public Safety and his answer is to……. kill anyone who appears to be a traitor! This starts the Reign of Terror: 40, 000 killed by guillotine, including Robespierre himself in July of 1794 (wait…what? )

Phase III: End Violence The Directory is formed by moderates after violence and makes another constitution begin to miss Kings and dislike chaos and death of Revolution And then a man named Napoleon begins campaigning for power in the Directory…………… 1. How do you like my outfit? 2. What allows me to take control? People Phase IV: Napoleon Takes Power

Napoleon’s Rise to Power Born in Corsica Poor, Sent Noble Family to France Military training Who should he support during the Revolution? “Since one must take sides, one might as well choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. ” Character of Napoleon?

A Self-Made Emperor Takes over Directory through a coup d’état Forceful Named overthrow of a gov’t Emperor of France Pope presides over crowning ceremony Napoleon crowns himself…why? How is this counter to the idea of revolution?

Forceful Diplomacy Friends/Relatives Result The Grand Empire in power. Who is his biggest rival? in France – Increased Nationalism

Downfall of Napoleon Russia/Britain/Austri a Exile and Return Team up to defeat Napoleon Battle of the Nations at Liepzig Napoleon a hero! returns – as

But is defeated at Waterloo and exiled again…

Congress of Vienna Plan to restore order and stability to Europe after the turmoil of the Napoleonic Wars. Restore monarchs unseated by Napoleon How Other will this be a problem? More revolutions! Problems: Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, and Austria form an alliance Germany isn’t allowed to form its own country