WHAT IS A MUTUAL FUND A Mutual Fund

WHAT IS A MUTUAL FUND? A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common investment objective IN turn buy assets

LEGAL STRUCTURE FUND SPONSPOR/SETTLOR KOTAK MAHINDRA FINANCE LTD. TRUST KOTAK MAHINDRA MUTUAL FUND TRUSTEE KOTAK MAHINDRA TRUSTEE CO. LTD. UNIT HOLDERS INVESTMENT MANAGER & ADVISOR KOTAK MAHINDRA ASSET MANAGEMENT CO. LTD. Contd… 21 -2 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

LEGAL STRUCTURE INVESTMENT MANAGER & ADVISOR KOTAK MAHINDRA ASSET MANAGEMENT CO. LTD. APPOINTS • CUSTODIANS • REGISTRARS • BANKS • DISTRIBUTORS 21 -3 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

Working of a Mutual Fund Passed back to INVESTORS GET A BLEND OF LIQUIDITY RETURNS & SAFETY RETURNS MUTUAL FUND • LARGE CORPORATE • SPECIALISTS MANAGE Generate PORTFOLIO YIELDS HIGH RETURN TO MFs 21 -4 Pool their money with FUND MANAGEMENT Invest in SECURITIES INVEST IN BALANCED PORTFOLIO Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS Type of Mutual Fund Schemes Structure Special Schemes Investment Objective Open Ended Funds Growth Funds Industry Specific Schemes Close Ended Funds Income Funds Index Schemes Interval Funds Balanced Funds Sectoral Schemes Money Market Funds 21 -5 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS OPEN ENDED l OPEN FOR ALL THE YEAR l MIN SUBS AMT 50 CR l NO DURATION l REFUNDED IF MIN SUBS NOT ACHIEVED l REPURCHASED ANY TIME l REDEEMED AT NAV & LOAD FACTOR RANGES (4% TO 6%) l AS REPURCHSED SO NOT LISTED AT STOCK EX l TRADED AS PERMITTED LOT l DIVID MAY /MAY NOT l SWITCHOVER ALLOWED 21 -6 l l l l l CLOSE ENDED OPEN FOR FIXED PERIOD MIN SUBS AMT 20 CR DURATION (5 TO 7 YEARS) REFUNDED IF MIN AMT NOT ACHIEVED MAY BE REPURCHASED (AFTER 2 TO 3 YRS) REDEMPTION SPECIFIED & DONE AT NAV - SERVICE CHARGE LISTED AT STOCK EX DIVID MAY/MAY NOT BE SWITCHOVER ALLOWED Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

WHY INVEST IN MUTUAL FUNDS? üSAVE THROUGH MUTUAL FUNDS üPark surpluses üShort üEasy üTax term investment liquidity benefits INVEST THROUGH MUTUAL FUNDS üHave a long term objective üProfile üSelect appropriate MF scheme, based on risk return requirement üMix of equity and debt üInvest 21 -7 your risk regularly/with flexibility Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

BENEFITS OF MUTUAL FUNDS üProfessional Management & Analysis üDiversification & Divisibility Across Companies & Sectors üLiquidity Entry & Exit at NAV üTransparency Regular disclosures üConvenient Administration (Record Keeping) üLow Costs of operations (Lower transaction cost) üChoice of schemes. üWell Regulated. (By SEBI)

INVESTMENT OPTIONS Instrument Tenure Pre-Tax Returns Risk Liquidity Bank Deposits 7 days to 1 yr. 6% - 12% Low Possible by breaking FD at cost ICD’s <180 days 9% - 11% Medium No secondary mkt. Call (thro’ PD’s) Overnight 6. 5% - 9% Low Routed thro’ PD’s T-Bills <12 months 7% - 9% Price Risk High Liquid Overnight to 1 month 8% to 9. 5% No High Bond 1 month – 12 months 9% 10. 5% Low Credit High Serial Over 1 year 9% - 10% No price High risk Mutual Funds 21 -9 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

RIGHTS AS A MUTUAL FUND UNITHOLDER • Receive statement of accounts within 6 weeks from the date your request is received by the Mutual Fund • Receive information about the investment policies, objectives, financial position and general affairs of the scheme • Receive dividend within 30 days of their declaration, receive redemption proceeds within 10 days from the date of the valid redemption • Vote in accordance with the Regulations to: - change the Asset Management Company - wind up the schemes. • To receive communication from the Trustee about change in the fundamental attributes of any scheme 21 -10 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUNDS) l MUTUAL FUND (REGISTERED WITH SEBI) MEANS: l A FUND ESTABLISHED IN THE FORM OF TRUST 21 -11 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUNDS) l BY A SPONSOR – BODY CORPORATE WHO ACTING ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANOTHER BODY CORPORATE – FLOATS THE IDEA OF SETTING UP OF MUTUAL FUND – ESTABLISHES MUTUAL FUND IN FORM OF TRUST – TRUST DEED EXECUTED WITH BOARD OF TRUSTEES – REGISTERS IT WITH SEBI – 40% CONTRIBUTION TO AMC 21 -12 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS l STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUNDS) TO RAISE MONIES BY TRUSTEES – HOLDG PROPERTY OF MF IN TRUST FOR BENEFIT OF UNIT HOLDERS l THROUGH THE SALE OF UNITS – REPRESENTING ONE UNDIVIDED SHARE IN THE ASSETS OF A SCHEME l l FOR INVESTING IN SECURITIES APPLICATION FEES: 5000; REGISTRATION FEES: 10 LACS; ANNUAL FEES : 1 LAC 21 -13 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES(MUTUAL FUND TRUST) l MF TO BE CONSTITUTED IN FORM OF MF TRUST l MANAGED BY A BOARD OF TRUSTES IN WHOSE FAVOUR TRUST DEED IS EXECUTED BY SPONSORS l 50% MEMBERS NOT AFFILIATED WITH SPONSORS l CONTROLS ALL CAPITAL PROPERTY OF MF SCHEMES/ HOLDS THEM IN TRUST FOR HOLDERS 21 -14 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES(MUTUAL FUND TRUST) l APPOINTS AMCs l ENSURES SCHEMES FLOATED & MANAGED BY AMC ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH TRUST DEED l POWER TO OBTAIN REPORT/DISMISS AMC l AN AMC NOT TO ACT AS TRUSTEE OF ANY MF l APPOINT CUSTODIAN &SUPERVISE ITS ACTIVITIES 21 -15 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES (MUTUAL FUND TRUST LIST) l ALLIANZ CAPITAL & MGT SERVICES LTD l ANZ GRINDLAYS BANK l TIMES MUTUAL FUNDS l UNIT TRUST OF INDIA l VLS FINANCE LTD. l KOTAK MAHINDRA FINANCE LTD l PRUDENTIAL CAPITAL MARKETS LTD. l SBI FUNDS MANAGEMENT LTD l CEAT MF & ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY LTD. 21 -16 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES (AMC) l MFs OPERATED BY AMCs -APPTD BY TRUSTEES l AMCs & TRUSTEES TWO SEPARATE LEGAL ENTITIES & ARM’S LENGTH RELATIONSHIP MNTD l AMCs TO APPROVE MOA & AOA FROM SEBI 21 -17 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS STRUCTURAL ISSUES (AMC) l AMCs MIN NW 5 CR (40% CONTRIB BY SPOSORS) l 50% MEMBERS FROM OUTSIDE l CAN’T ACQUIRE OUTSIDE THE SCHEME PROPERTY l DISCLOSE REPURCHASE PRICE/NAV OF SCHEMES 21 -18 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS l l l l l STRUCTURAL ISSUES (AMC LIST) 20 TH CENTURY AMC LTD APPLE ASSET MGT LTD. BOI AMC LTD. CREDIT CAPITAL AMC LTD. GIC AMC LTD. ICICI AMC LTD. ITC PIONEER AMC LTD. MORGAN STANLY AM INDIA LTD. PNB AMC LTD. 21 -19 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUNDS l l STRUCTURAL ISSUES (INVESTMENT MIX) EQUITY SHARES/EQUITY RELATED INSTRTS (CDs)/ DEBT INSTRUMENTS (NCDs, PSBONDS, GOVT SECT)/MONEY MARKET INSTRTS(TBs, CPs & BILLS) 5% CAP FROM ONE SCHEME IN ONE CO’S SHARE 10% CAP FROM ALL SCHEMES IN ONE CO’S SHARE 15%CAP FROM ALL SCHEMES IN ONE INDUSTRY TYPICAL ASSET MIX SCHEME EQUITY GROWTH 70 -90% INCOME 20 -30% BALANCED 40 -60% l 21 -20 DEBT 5 -20% 60 -70% 40 -50% MONEY MKT 0 -10% 0 -15% 0 -10% Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY KEY FINANCIALS l NAV= M. V OF FUND’S INVESTS+REC+ACCRUED INCOMELIABILITIES-ACCRUED EXP NO. OF SHARES OR UNITS OUTSTANDING MARKET PRICE: IN CASE OF CLOSE ENDED l REPURCHASE/REISSUE PRICE: OPEN ENDED l DISCOUNT l RATE OF RETURN= NAV AT END-NAV AT BEGINNING + l DIVIDEND PAID NAV AT BEGINNING INITIAL EXPENSES: CEILING OF 6% l RECURRING EXPENSES: MAX 3% OF AV NET ASSETS IN A YEAR l 21 -21 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY KEY FINANCIALS LOADS(CHARGED TO MF SCHEME) THREE TYPES l INITIAL ISSUE EXP (6% OF FUND RAISED)HIDDEN l RECURRING EXP (3% MAX OF NET ASSETS) – OTHER THAN INITIAL ISSUE EXP/ INCLUDES TRUSTEESHIP FEES /INCLUDES INVST MGT & ADVISORY FEE OF AMC (1. 25% UPTO RS 100 CR & 1% OVER 100 CR) 21 -22 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY KEY FINANCIALS LOADS(CHARGED TO MF SCHEME) THREE TYPES l AMC CHARGE FOR ISSUE/RECURRING COST(6%) l IN OPEN END SCHEME DIFF BETWEEN PURCHASE & SALE PRICE NOT TO EXCEED 7% OF SALE PRICE l BACK END (DISCOUNT TO NAV) DEDUCTED DURING REPURCHASE/REDEMPTION 21 -23 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY KEY FINANCIALS NAV OF A NO-LOAD FUND (20 LACS UNITS ISSUED) VALUE OF SECURITIES HELD IN PORTFOLIO 500 LACS CASH IN HAND OF MUTUAL FUND 10 LACS TOTAL ASSETS 510 LACS LESS : OUTSTANDING LIABILITIES 110 LACS TOTAL NET ASSETS 400 LACS THUS NAV = Rs 400 LACS =RS 20 PER UNITS 20 LACS IF 10, 000 NEW UNITS ISSUED AT NAV OF RS 20 PER UNIT THUS NAV = ^TOTAL ASSETS =RS 4, 02, 000= RS 20 PER UNIT ^UNITS 20, 10, 000 THUS NAV DOES NOT VARY DUE TO SELING OR BUYING NAV VARIES ON ANY VARIATION OF MARKET PRICES OF SECURITIES HELD IN THE PORTFOLIO OF MF 21 -24 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY KEY FINANCIALS NAV OF A NO-LOAD FUND NAV VARIES ON ANY VARIATION OF MARKET PRICES OF SECURITIES HELD IN THE PORTFOLIO OF MF NAV=(RS 6 MILL EQ + RS 4 MILL DEBT)- 2 MILL LIAB AS DEBT = 0. 5 16 MILL UNITS IN TRUST IF VALUE OF EQUITY IS DOUBLED, NAV SHIFTS NAV=(RS 12 MILL EQ + RS 4 MILL DEBT)- 2 MILL LIAB AS DEBT = 0. 875 16 MILL UNITS IN TRUST IF VALUE OF EQUITY IS HALFED THEN THE NEW NAV IS NAV=(RS 3 MILL EQ + RS 4 MILL DEBT)- 2 MILL LIAB AS DEBT = 0. 3125 16 MILL UNITS IN TRUST l IN ABOVE, FUND SHOULD SWITCH FROM AGGRESSIVE TO DEFENSIVE INVEST TO AVOID RAPID EROSION OF NAV INVEST IN DEBT INSTRTS MAY BE ONE SOLUTION l 21 -25 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY KEY FINANCIALS NAV OF A LOAD FUND (20 LACS UNITS ISSUED) IF MF IS A 4% FRONT LOAD FUND THEN NAV=NAV(OF NO-LOAD FUND) PER UNIT/1 -% OF LOAD = RS 20. 80 AS CALLED OFFERING 1 -4% 1 -4/100 0. 96 HERE l OFFER PRICE (SALE PRICE) WILL BE 20. 80 PER UNIT l BID PRICE (REPURCHASE PRICE) WILL BE RS 20. 00 PER UNIT l DIFFRENCE BETWEEN OFFER & BID PRICE IS 4% i. e. 80 PAISE IS CALLED “SPREAD” PAID TO FUND l THERE IS A TWO WAY QUOTE PROVIDED BY IN OPEN FUND 21 -26 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY l l l l l KEY FINANCIALS MARS, PVT SECTOR MF LAUNCHED A GROWTH SCHEME WITH AN INITIAL TARGET OF Rs 100 CR. DEPLOYMENT OF FUNDS IS TO CONFIRM THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION EQUITY 70%, DEBT 25% MONEY MARKET 5% INITIAL EXPENSES 4% DEBT COMPONENT INVESTED EQUALLY IN AAA & AA RATED INSTRUMENTS AT 18% & 20% RESPECTIVELY EQUITY PORTION INVESTED IN SENSEX SCRIPS AV. YIELD ON MONEY MARKET COMPONENT WAS 8% SENSEX WAS AT 3800 & AT TIME OF INVEST IS AT 2900 AFTER ONE YEAR DEBT & MONEY MKT INSTRTS VALUED AT COST RECURRING EXP MET OUT OF INCOME EARNED ON DEBT & MONEY MKT INSTRTS (assume 3% on size of fund) COMPUTE NAV & SALE PRICE IF FRONT LOAD FACTOR IS 5% 21 -27 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY PASSING THROUGH CRITICAL PHASE l “LIVING DEAD” IN STOCK MARKETS l LOST INVESTOR’S CONFIDENCE l UTTER FAILURE IN INDIA l 21 -28 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY FEW EVIDENCES l SHRIRAM ASSET MGT CO FINED (JUN 96) l MORGAN STANLEY FINED (2/6/97) – RESORTING TO SHORT SALES – PRICE RIGGING IN BHEL SCRIPS – RENDERING PORTFOLIO MGT SERV TO GROUPS CANSTAR UNABLE TO PURCHASE AT PROMISED NAV l LIC MF HAD TO PURCHASE AT PROMISED NAV & BOOK THE LOSS TO AMC l 21 -29 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND MONITOR 21 -30 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND MONITOR 21 -31 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPEARATION FAILED IN ALL CHAINS OF OPERATIONS INVESTOR’S SERVICE PRODUCT DESIGN THE CHAIN OF OPERATION OUT SOURCING 21 -32 PRODUCT MARKETING FUND MANAGEMENT Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION PRODUCT DESGIN • INNOVATION • SUPERIOR DESIGN • ADAPATABILITY 21 -33 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION l l l PRODUCT DESIGN DID LITTLE TO INNOVATE WITH INNOVATION 70% SCHEMES CLOSE END WITH POOR RETURNS UTI STILL CONTINUES WITH PLAIN VANILLAS INNOVATION ONLY IN OPEN END SCHEMEDS TIME TO DESIGN SECTOR, LOCATION BASED MFs 21 -34 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION PRODUCT DESIGN- PACKAGED POTFOLIO MODEL l KNOW BEFOREHAND Cos WERE INVEST BE MADE l PORTFOLIO TO CONSIST OF 50 BLUE CHIP Cos WHICH HAVE CREATED ENORMOUS WEALTH TO HOLDERS & THEIR MKT CAP HAVE INCREASED l FLEXIBILITY TO TIME INVESTMENTS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF PRICE MOVEMENTS l FUND INITIALLY TO BE OPEN ENDED l AUTOMATICALLY CONVERTED INTO CLOSE ENDED ONCE THE INVESTMENT CEILING IS ACVD 21 -35 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION PRODUCT MARKETING • COST • AGGRESSIVE MARKETING • UPFRONT COST 21 -36 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION l l PRODUCT MARKETING COST & ETHICS ARE TWO IMPORATNT FACTORS UPFRONT COST BORNE BY INVESTOR OR AMC UTI CAN’T AGGRESSIVELY MARKET ITS PRODUCT MORGAN STANLEY MADE MFs AS IPOs & ALL NUANCES OF IPOs WERE BROUGHT IN 21 -37 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION FUND MANAGEMENT • CAPITAL PROTECTION • MARKET TIMING • ASSET QUALITY 21 -38 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION l l l FUND MANAGEMENT NON-QUALIFIED, UNPROFESSNL FUND MANAGERS LOOK MFs AS ANOTHER EQUITY PRODUCT IGNORE ASSET ALLOCATION, PORTFOLIO, TURNOVER & COST NO QICK ASSET REALLOCATION ON TIME DON’T INCLUDE HIGH LIQUID BLUE CHIP STOCKS NOT BALANCING RISK RETURN EXPECTATION OF INVESTORS 21 -39 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION l l l l FUND MANAGEMENT- SUGGESTED MODEL PROTECT CAPITAL FROM EROSION ALTERNATIVELY GUARANTEE CAPITAL SAFETY POSSESS EXCELLLENT RESEARCH CAPABILITIES – TO ENSURE MARKET TIMING – INVESTMENT STRATEGY FORMULATION FOLLOW APPROPRIATE ASSET ALLOCATION MODEL SUITING FUND’S OBJECTIVE QUICKLY RESTRURE ASSET ALOCATION ON NEED ENSURE QUALITY OF ASSETS BE IT EQTY OR DEBT ENSURE ECONOMICAL COST OF OPERATIONS BE IT MANAGEMENT FEES OR OTHER EXPENSES 21 -40 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION OUTSOURCING • COST CONTROL • FLEXIBILITY • CHOICE 21 -41 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION l l l OUTSOURCING NEW CONCEPT THAN TO DO THINGS IN HOUSE ENDORSED AS A GREAT COST CUTTING MEASURE CONVERTS FIXED COSTS TO VARIABLE COSTS ABROAD OUTSOURCING 100% FROM PRODUCT DESIGN TO INVESTOR SERVICING YET TO COME IN INDIAN FUND MANAGEMENT ONE AREA MAY BE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 21 -42 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION INVESTOR SERVICE • CUSTOMER FOCUS • BETTER CONFIDENCE • EFFICIENT SERVICE 21 -43 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved

MUTUAL FUND OPERATION l l l l l CUSTOMER FOCUS SCANT ATTENTION TO INVESTOR’S SERVICING IGNORING INVESTOR’S EDUCATION NOT INCLINED TOWARDS TRANSPARENCY NON DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO LACK LUSTER SHOW ON RETURNS FRONT UNIT HOLDERS NOT TREATED AS CUSTOMERS GOOD SERVICE ATTRACTS MULTIPLE CUSTOMERS MORALE “TREAT HIM LIKE CUSTOMER & INVEST IN TECNOLOGY TO REACH HIM FAR & WIDE” LESSONS TO LEARN FROM Pvt SECTOR MFs 21 -44 Copyright © 2002 by Prof. A. K. . Mishra All rights reserved