What if the UF Faculty Senate voted to

What if… the UF Faculty Senate voted to make it standard procedure for faculty to deposit their peerreviewed scholarly research results in an openly accessible institutional repository?

Traditional Distribution Flo Ento rida molo gist s e su Is ts ir n p e R FTP Electronic Distribution Librar y User

Fee Access Subscriptions $ Publishers Usernames and passwords Site Licenses $$$ cr. bs Su Editing, reviewing, composing Internet addresses Site L. Pa y. P $ er Vie w Credit cards Individual subscriptions Institutions’ staff and affiliated personnel Everyone else Free Access Authors and/or their institutions $$ Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet

Open Access Update

What is OA? OA is immediate, permanent, toll-free, online access to the full contents* of peer -reviewed journal articles. *Not necessarily the version of record.

Stages in publication Manuscript (=“preprint”) submitted 2) Peer review and decision as to publication 3) Author’s final draft (peer-reviewed) submitted [Contents complete] 1)

Stages in publication 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Manuscript (=“preprint”) submitted Peer review and decision as to publication Author’s final draft (peer-reviewed) submitted [Contents complete] If final draft accepted, copyright transfer usually requested Copyright signed away (in whole or in part) Copy editing, formatting, proofing Version of record (print and/or pdf)

Copyrights l Right to make copies l Right to publicly distribute copies l Right to prepare derivative works l Right to give or deny others these rights

Who has copyright to journal articles? l Authors own all rights to the preprint. l The final submitted manuscript is a derivative work.

Who has copyright to journal articles? l Authors own copyright to their preprints. l The final submitted manuscript is a derivative work. l To publish an article, publishers need only a nonexclusive right to make and publicly distribute copies. l Yet many publishers ask for (and get) permanent transfer of all rights.

Two paths to OA l Journal publishers make articles OA = “Gold” OA

Versions of gold OA 1) New journal established as fully OA (e. g. , PLo. S journals; Journal of Insect Science) 2) Traditional journal transforms to fully OA journal (e. g. , Florida Entomologist, in 1994) 3) Traditional journal sells OA by the article (=“hybrid OA”) (e. g. , Entomological Society of America journals, starting in 2000)

Two paths to OA l Journal publishers make articles OA = “Gold” OA l Authors make articles OA = “Green” OA = “Self-archiving” = Repository-based OA

Variables in green OA l Place of deposit l l Version deposited l l l Central or subject repository (e. g. , Pub. Med Central) Institutional repository Author’s home page Author’s peer-reviewed manuscript PDF of version of record Motivation for deposit l l Author’s initiative Mandates Q

OA tipping point reached in 2008? Four indicators 1) 2) 3) 4) Rates of increases A funder mandate Institutional mandates UF pilot repository

Increases in OA journals and Institutional Repositories in 2008 l OA journals +27% (to 3, 812) l Institutional Repositories +28% (to 1, 296) l Items in IRs +45% (to 7, 532, 473) Yet ~85% of 2008 articles still not OA. Source: SPARC Open Access Newsletter (2 Jan 2009).

Why authors don’t self-archive l Lack of understanding of the benefits? (OA maximizes accessibility, usage, and citation impact. ) l Concern that it might be illegal l Concern that it might put at risk acceptance by their preferred journal l Concern that it might take a lot of time

NIH OA mandate (signed into law 26 Dec 2007) l All NIH-supported investigators must submit to Pub. Med Central electronic versions of their final peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after official date of publication. l Implementation must be in a manner consistent with copyright law.

How NIH mandate addresses copyright issues Researcher receives funding from NIH As a condition of funding, researcher agrees to deposit any resulting paper in PMC 3) Researcher offers paper to journal on the understanding that journal will allow PMC deposit 4) Any transfer of copyright must include the right of the author to deposit paper in PMC 5) If journal will not comply*, author must find one that will. 1) 2) *Thus far, no journal has declined to comply.

Institutional OA mandates l Harvard Faculty of Arts & Sciences (FAS) l l l Harvard Law School (unanimous, June 2008) Stanford School of Education (unanimous, June 2008) Considering mandates in 2009* (unanimous, Feb 2008) l l l l Harvard Medical School Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences University of California Colorado State University of Colorado at Boulder Brigham Young University of New Hampshire Rollins College *MIT faculty unanimously adopted an OA Mandate in March 2009.

Harvard’s FAS OA mandate Authors grant Harvard “permission to make available” their scholarly articles and to “exercise the copyright” in those articles. l What is granted is a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paidup, worldwide license to exercise any and all rights under copyright. l

Harvard’s FAS OA mandate Authors grant Harvard “permission to make available” their scholarly articles and to “exercise the copyright” in those articles. l What is granted is a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paidup, worldwide license to exercise any and all rights under copyright. l Each faculty member “will provide an electronic copy of the final version” of each article to the Provost’s office. l Dean “will waive application of the policy for a particular article upon written request by a Faculty member explaining the need. ” l

Schol. ARchive: UF’s Pilot Repository Principals were EYN, FCLA, and UF Libraries. l Four EYN faculty* uploaded full texts of 25 articles to a pilot IR at http: //eprints. fcla. edu/. l *Marc Branham, Dan Hahn, Oscar Liburd, and Tom Walker.

Schol. ARchive: UF’s Pilot Repository Principals were EYN, FCLA, and UF Libraries. l Four EYN faculty uploaded full texts of 25 articles to a pilot IR at http: //eprints. fcla. edu/. l Downloading, mostly through Google, started in Mar 2007 and increased suddenly in Oct 2007. l By 7 Jan 2008, downloads averaged 159 per article. (Range was 0 to 474. ) l

Where to from here? l Goal: earn the unanimous support of the UF faculty and its Senate for a Harvardtype OA resolution.

Where to from here? l Goal: earn the unanimous support of the UF faculty and its Senate for a Harvardtype OA resolution. l Preliminaries Plan infrastructure l Test infrastructure l Keep Senate informed l