WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND Do you agree

WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND • Do you agree with this statement? Why?

• Why did an assassination spiral the world into a global war?

WORLD WAR I

LONG TERM CAUSES WHAT IS THE BIG PICTURE?

INDUSTRIALIZATION • Economic transformation – Urbanization: population shift to cities as factories are built to house newly developed machines increases as industrial factories develop for new machines to produce goods – Industrialization: Machinery increases production creating a demand for raw materials and new markets to sell manufactured goods.

IMPERIALISM • The policy or practice of extending a state's rule over other territories • Industrialized nations compete for control of resources and markets – Demand for raw materials to fill factories – Demand for markets to sell products manufactured products

NATIONALISM • A sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism • Social Darwinism/ Scientific Racism – ‘Survival of the fittest’ – Might makes right: Assertive and aggressive

MILITARISM • The opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods to gain power and to achieve its goals • Arms race – New technology for weapons – Large armies and expanding naval fleets

OTTOMAN EMPIRE DECLINES • Fails to industrialize: “Sick man of Europe” • No political reform • Power vacuum disrupts the balance of power • Resources – Trade routes: Bosporus and Dardanelles – Arabian oil – Balkan land

RESPONSE • Why would the competitive rivalry overseas become a problem for Europe with the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND • European powers aggressively expand around the globe to develop their national economies. • With the declining Ottoman Empire, European competition for power arrives on their own doorstep. • Rivalry

SHORT TERM CAUSES WHAT IS HAPPENING IN EUROPE?

EUROPEAN CONFLICT • British and German Rivalry – Competition between the imperialist powers increased creating diplomatic tensions – The Berlin-Baghdad Railroad was designed to avoid the British controlled Suez Canal giving Germany greater access to oil.

NATIONALISM UNIFICATION DIVISION • 1871, Germany unification under Emperor Wilhelm after defeating the French and acquiring Alsace-Lorraine • Austro-Hungary, Russia and the Ottoman Empire were all multinational states attempting to remain unified • 1871, Italian unification • Internal pressure during a time of strong nationalism

MILITARISM ALLIANCES MOBILIZATION • Triple Alliance: Austro-Hungary, Germany and Italy • Europeans developed military mobilization plans • Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain • Example: Germany’s Schlieffen Plan – Two fronts: Russia and France – Believed France was weak and could be quickly defeated – Russia was stronger but would take a long time to mobilize – Attack France first and then Russia

THE BALKAN PENINSULA • 1908, Young Turks Revolution • Austro Hungary expands into Bosnia • Balkan League • 1912 -13 Balkan Wars-Ottoman Empire loses control

RESPONSE • How do you see diplomacy breaking down among European powers?

WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND • Much of the world is militarily dominated by imperialist powers • Protecting national interests leads to alliances backed with increasingly powerful weapons • Balkan nationalism stirs up the hornets’ nest • Aggression

IMMEDIATE CAUSES WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE BALKANS?

JULY CRISIS • June 28, Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by a Bosnian nationalist in Sarajevo, Serbia. • July 23, With German support Austro. Hungary delivers the July Ultimatum designed to provoke Serbia to war. • July 25, Serbia replies to the Ultimatum agreeing to most of its demands, but Austro-Hungary breaks diplomatic ties.

JULY CRISIS CONT’D • July 28, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. • July 30, Russia announces full mobilization as an ally of Serbia • August 1, Germany declares war on Russia and implements Schlieffen Plan and

RESPONSE • European imperialism naturally led to the First World War. – If you agree with the statement, what were the connecting cause and effects? – If you disagree with the statement, how might things have gone differently? Explain?

WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND • Imperialistic competition overseas become competition at home when the Ottoman Empire declines leaving the Balkans a problem. • Military domination overseas becomes an arms race at home leading to military alliances