What factors caused the growth of industry in
- Slides: 40
What factors caused the growth of industry in general? • Access to raw materials and energy • Availability of work force (immigrants) • Inventions • Financial resources
How did industrialization and the rise in big business influence life on American farms? • Mechanization (e. g. , the reaper) had reduced farm labor needs and increased production. • Industrialization provided access to consumer goods (e. g. , mail order) • From farming to industrial America
What industries boomed due to the railroad? coal lumber steel
What were the outcomes of industrial and railroad growth? Travel quicker and safer Ship goods across nation Jobs for immigrants Industries grew
Where were the car, meat and steel industries? Cars-Detroit, Michigan Meat-Chicago, Illinois Steel-Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
What did George Westinghouse invent? George Westinghouse invented the airbrake
What did Eli Janney invent? Eli Janney invented the car coupler
What did Gustuvus Swift invent? Gustuvus Swift invented the refrigerated train car
What did Pullman invent? Pullman invented the sleeping car for trains
Why was the air brake an important invention? Air brake-made stopping the train safer
Why was the car coupler an important invention? Car coupler-made connecting the train cars safer
Why was the refrigerated train car an important invention? Refrigerated train carmade it safe to transport fresh meat
Why was the sleeping car an important invention? Sleeping car-made it a more comfortable railroad trip
What did Samuel Morse invent? Samuel Morsetelegraph
What did Alexander Graham Bell invent? Bell-telephone
What did Thomas Edison invent? Thomas Edison-light bulb, phonograph
What did Henry Ford invent? Henry Ford. Model T Ford
What does consolidation mean? Consolidation-making lots of small companies into one big powerful company
Who was a railroad baron and what does that mean? Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads
What is a time zone and why were they created? Time zones divide the country into their own times-they were created by the railroad companies so that train schedules would match across the country
Why was the Model T so important? Henry Ford made it possible for most people to buy a car.
Who was Andrew Carnegie? Andrew Carnegie-made his money in steel-company called Carnegie Steel Companyvertical integration-used the Bessemer process
Who was John D. Rockefeller? John D. Rockefeller-made his money in oil, company called Standard Oil, used horizontal integration
What is a philanthropist and who is a famous one during this time? Philanthropist-person who give lots of money to charity Andrew Carnegie!!!-libraries
What was the Bessemer process? Bessemer process-easy and cheap way to make steel
What was vertical integration? Vertical integration-buying and controlling all the businesses it takes to make and sell one product (for coal-buying mines, warehouses, ships, railroads)
What was horizontal integration? Horizontal integrationcombining all the companies making a product into one big company
What was a monopoly? Monopoly-total control over an industry
What was an assembly line? Assembly line-when each worker performed the same job over and over again—all the parts created a product quickly and cheaply
What is mass production? Mass productionmaking large numbers of products very quickly -made products for very cheap for the consumer
What were the working conditions on the assembly line and in the factories? Dark, boring, loud, stressful, too cold or too hot, dangerous, and you could lose your job easily
Why were labor unions formed? labor unions fought for worker rights
What were strikes? Strikes-when people stop working and picket in front of the business
Why didn’t strikes work very well? Other people would take their jobs, could turn violent
What was collective bargaining? Collective bargaining-when both sides come to an agreement so they feel like they are getting something in the deal
What was the American Federation of Labor? AFL-lead by Samuel Gompers-only accepted skilled workers
What did the labor unions fight for? shorter hours, better working conditions, higher wages (more money)
What was the Homestead Strike? Homestead Strike-at Carnegie’s steel mill, failed when company hired nonunion workers
What was the Pullman Strike? Pullman Strike-at Pullman’s railway plant, failed
Who were the workers in these factories? immigrants and children
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