What enables a civilization to develop Villages Grow

What enables a civilization to develop?

Villages Grow Invention of new tools and farming led to settlements supporting larger populations n n Economic Change Villages built irrigation systems n Surplus in food and new jobs n n Social Change New social structure n New Social classes (Wealthy) n

How Civilizations Developed n First Civilization in Sumer n n Near Mesopotamia (Iraq) 5 Characteristics n 1) Advanced Cities n 2) Specialized Workers n 3) Complex Institutions n 4) Record keeping n 5) Improved Technology

1) Advanced Cities Center of trade for an advanced civilization n

2) Specialized Workers Surplus of food gave rise to Specialization n n Specialization: Development of skills for specific kind of work n n Artisans: Skilled workers who make goods by hand (Clothing and Pottery) n

3) Complex Institutions Large populations made governments and systems of ruling necessary n n Institutions Long lasting pattern of organization in a community n Ex: Government, religion, school n

4) Record Keeping n Need to keep records Document tax collections, laws, and storage of food n Sumerian Record keepers (Scribes) recording information n n Cuneiform: System of writing in Sumerian n Similar to hieroglyphics n

5) Improved Technology New tools needed to solve problems n Ox-drawn plows turn the soil n Irrigation systems expand planting areas n n Bronze Age n 2500 BCE Metal workers used bronze instead of copper and stone to make weapons and tools. n