What does the term Renaissance mean rebirth In

What does the term Renaissance mean? � “rebirth” �In this case a rebirth or art and language.

Agenda/Objectives �Why Italy and not Northern Europe? �What were the advantages? �Patrons of the arts. �Humanism �Renaissance Art and the Ninja Turtles �The Northern Renaissance and how it spread. �The end of the Renaissance �Mid-Term Review

Emerging from the Middle Ages �More centralized rule �Medieval = Religion �Renaissance = Combination of Religion and Humanism.

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Where did the Renaissance begin? �Northern Italy �Began around 1300 and lasted until 1600. It later spread north.

Northern Europe Lagged behind �The reason why Northern Europe lagged behind Italy during the renaissance is because England France were locked in a hundred years’ war.

Italy had 3 advantages over Northern Europe �Thriving cities �A wealthy merchant class �Classical heritage of Greece and Rome �These 3 advantages help foster the Renaissance in Italy.

Urban Centers �Overseas trade sparked by the Crusades led to the growth of large city-states in northern Italy. �The rest of Europe was mostly rural �Why would cities help the renaissance? �Cities are often places where people exchange new ideas.

Bubonic Plague �Also called the “Black Death”. �Killed up to 60 percent of the population in these cities. �- i. e. Florence population went from 85, 000 to 30, 000. �Because of a reduced population there was a shrink for business expansion. Wealthy merchants began to pursue other interest, such as art.

Merchants and the Medici �City-states were small and ran their own affairs. �Many citizens were very active in the political life. �Merchants were the wealthiest, most powerful class and they dominated politics. �Merchants earned their social rank. �- They believed they deserved power and wealth because of their individual merit. �The Medici family ruled Florence.

Cosim 0 de’ Medici � 1434 - won control of Florence’s government. �Influenced members of the ruling council by giving them loans. �Virtually the dictator for 30 years.

Classical Heritage �Renaissance leaders looked down on the art and literature of the Middle Ages. �Wanted more learning from Greek and Romans time.

Classics lead to Humanism �Study of classical texts led to Humanism. �- Focused on human potential and achievements. �Popularized the study of subjects such as education, history, literature, and philosophy. �= These Subjects are called Humanities.

Humanism �Middle Ages = wearing rough clothing and eating the plainest of foods proved your loyalty to God. �Humanist believed that a person could enjoy life without offending God. �- The wealthy openly enjoyed material luxuries, fine music, and tasty foods. �Even church leaders became more worldly enjoying beautiful mansions, threw lavish banquets, and wore expensive clothes.

Humanism �Formed the central core of literature and philosophy of the ancient writers. �Idea of focusing on after-life shifted to enjoying the here and now. ------ Church does not like this idea.

The Renaissance Man �The ideal individual strove to master almost every area of study. �A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a “universal man. ” later called “Renaissance man”

Renaissance Art

Michelangelo �Glorified the Human body. �Painted the sistine chapel.

Donatello �Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality. �Carved the statue of David.

Leonardo �Painter, Sculptor, Inventor, and a Scientist = A true “Renaissance Man” �Painted – “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”

Raphael �Learned from Michelangelo and Leonardo’s work. �Painted the School of Athens.

Women Painters �Sofonisba Anguissola was the first woman artist to gain an international reputation. �Painted portraits of prominent people such as King Phillip II of Spain.

Writers of the Renaissance �Writers began to write in the vernacular, meaning their native language rather than Latin. �Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects. �Niccolo Machiavelli wrote the Prince. �- Examined how a ruler can gain power and keep it in spite of his enemies.

Northern Renaissance � 1453 – The hundred year war between France and England ends. �Population begins to grow since the bubonic plague. �Monarchs sponsored the arts unlike in Italy.

Artistic Ideas spread �In 1494, war spreads in Italy. �- French king launched an invasion from Southern Italy to Northern Italy. �Many artist fled to Northern Europe for safety. �- With them came the ideas of the Renaissance.

Style of Art Changes

Christian Humanist �Northern Humanist �Work was strongly Christian �i. e. Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly

Renaissance in England �Also called the Elizabethan Age. �Reigned from 1558 -1603 �Well-educated and fluent in French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. �Patron of the arts and wrote poetry.

William Shakespeare � Wrote in Renaissance England. � Born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon � Work displayed understanding of human beings and a look into the souls of men and women. � Most famous work: � - Macbeth � - King Lear � - Hamlet � - Romeo and Juliet � - A Midsummer Night’s Dream � Now go do your key notes!

What helped spread the ideas of the Renaissance? �The Printing Press! �Who invented the Printing Press? �Johann Gutenberg, reinvented the movable type that the Chinese had invented. �First book to print? �The bible called the Gutenberg bible (1455)

End of the Renaissance �Both Italy and Northern Europe the Renaissance stirred a burst of creative activity. � 1600 s – new ideas and artistic styles continue to appear. �Renaissance ideals will help shape Europe. �i. e. belief in the dignity of the individual played a key role in the gradual rise of democratic ideas. �Spread of education.

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Homework �Research these artist: What art did they make famous? What style of art did they do? �Fillipo Brunelleshi �Albrecht Durer �Tommaso Masaccio �Van Eyck brothers