What does the picture tell you about geography
What does the picture tell you about geography, society and economics in the Middle colonies? Write your answer in the warm-up section of your binder! Title the page the Middle Colonies Warm-Up.
Color the 4 Middle Colonies YELLOW: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, & Delaware
The Middle Colonies Chapter 4, Section 2
As we have seen, during exploration, the Netherlands were only able to claim a small portion of North America. This area was called New Netherland. The original territory included present-day New York, Connecticut and New Jersey. New Netherland was created for economic reasons. Early settlers traded with the Indians for furs and eventually created the port city of New Amsterdam.
Because of New Netherland’s location, there was rivalry with England for trade and colonies. In August 1664, English warships entered New Amsterdam Harbor. The governor, Peter Stuyvesant, said he would defend the port, but could not get help from his citizens because he had been such a harsh ruler. He surrendered without ever firing a shot. King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York, who soon named the colony New York.
The Duke of York soon realized that his new colony was too big to govern. He gave some of the territory to his friend George Carteret, who called it New Jersey. This new territory had fertile farm land, which attracted many people. These new settlers came from Finland, Ireland, Scotland, Germany and Sweden. New England settlers moved to New Jersey hoping to find better farmland.
The owner then pays the king a yearly fee. The king gives land to someone. New Jersey was originally set up as a proprietary The farmers pay colony. the land owner a monthly fee. The person divides up the land to rent to farmers.
Then, in 1702, it then became a royal colony, where the land is under direct control of the crown.
In 1681, William Penn founded Pennsylvania. Penn was also a Quaker. In England, Quakers had been persecuted for their “radical” beliefs: - all people were equal in God’s eyes - women could preach in public - opposed war/refused to serve military - called for fair treatment of Native Amer. Penn carefully planned the capital city, Philadelphia, which is a Greek word, meaning “brotherly love”. Government: Holy Experiment created a colony of religious freedom and peace
In 1709, William Penn allowed settlers in a southern region of Pennsylvania, known as the Lower Counties, to set up a separate assembly to govern themselves. It would later be called Delaware.
Life in the Middle Colonies Geography- soil was much richer and more fertile than in New England - the growing season was much longer - winter was milder than New England Economics-most people made a living by farming - most farmers raised wheat, barley and rye, which were cash crops (crops sold at the market for money) - so much grain was exported that the Middle Colonies were known as the “Breadbasket Colonies” - farmers also raised herds of cattle and pigs - this area also had skilled artisans and trades people
Life in the Middle Colonies Religion: Pennsylvania Quakers -Pacifists: Peaceful -Religious Tolerance Society: -Multi-Cultural Society: Finland, Ireland, Scotland, Germany and Sweden -Peaceful existence with Native Americans -Most Egalitarian (Equal Rights) Politics: -Royal Colonies governed by Representative legislatures Education: -No public schools -Private Schools- little education for girls
What does the picture tell you about geography, society and economics in the Southern colonies? Write your answer in the warm-up section of your binder! Title the page the Southern Colonies Warm-Up.
Color the 5 Southern Colonies GREEN: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Georgia
Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. They were seeking economic opportunity until John Smith came to lead them. The colony soon started planting tobacco, which made them very successful. The House of Burgesses was created in 1619 as the first representative government.
Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore. The colony was founded for religious freedom, as a place where Catholics could practice their religion freely. In 1649, the Elected Assembly created the Act of Toleration provided the right to worship freely to all Christians. This freedom did not extend to Jews though.
The region south of Virginia and Maryland was settled in 1663 when King Charles II gave a land grant to 8 English nobles that wanted to trade and farm. North Carolina was settled by poor tobacco farmers from Virginia in 1712. South Carolina was set up farther south by the 8 nobles. They named their largest town Charleston in honor of King Charles II. Member of the English Church or Anglican Church
By 1700, most people coming to Charleston were African slaves to help grow rice and indigo. SC was the only colony where African Americans made up the majority of the population.
James Oglethorpe carved Georgia from the southern part of South Carolina in 1732. He created the territory as a home for English debtors, or people who owed money that they couldn’t pay back. Georgia grew slowly because the farms were limited in size and slavery was forbidden. But later, Oglethorpe changed the rules to allow large plantations and slave labor. This caused the colony to grow more quickly.
Economics: This allowed them to grow the cash crops indigo, rice and tobacco on farms and plantations Geography: The South has warmer weather, which means a longer growing season.
Large plantations grew tobacco and rice, but only a small percentage of white southerners owned them. Most southern farms (75%) were small with only one or two slaves.
Religion: • Anglican Church: the state church, supported by state taxes Education: • No public schools • Few private schools • Wealthy people hired tutors Politics: • Royal Colonies • King made appointments
The first Africans arrived in 1619 at Jamestown. Some were enslaved, some became servants and a few were able to purchase their freedom.
Society By 1700, plantations in the Southern Colonies relied heavily on slave labor. In the 1700 s, English sailors began referring to the passage of slave ships west across the Atlantic Ocean as the Middle Passage.
As slavery increased, greater limits were placed on the rights of slaves. Slave codes treated slaves as property, not human beings. Most English colonists thought that black Africans were inferior to white Europeans. In 1688, the Quakers of Pennsylvania were the first group to call for an end to slavery. This group would later help slaves escape via the Underground Railroad.
Colony Year Founded by/leader New York 1664 Duke of York Trading and religious freedom New Jersey 1664 Lord Berkeley/George Carteret Religious and political freedom Pennsylvania 1681 William Penn Religious and political freedom Delaware 1701 William Penn Political (to set up assembly away from PA) Reason
Make sure this goes in your Notes Section and is written on your Table of Contents.
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