What do all of these have in common

What do all of these have in common? Bolt action rifle Typewriter Motion picture camera Rubber bicycle tires Data processing machine Carburetor Photocopying machine Diesel engine Bridle bit (for horse) X-ray Desk top pencil sharpener Radio Dust pan Cold cereal Fountain pen Aspirin Golf tee Magnetic tape recorder Rubber heel (for shoe/boot) Dry cell battery (Ever Ready) Movie projector Steel-framed skyscraper Wireless radio telegraph American Express Travelers Photoelectric cell Cheques Milk safety test Book matches Thermite (industrial Hershey chocolate bar material) Self-powered model airplane. Cathode-ray tube Jell-o Roll film Vacuum cleaner The “T” Cracker Jack Peanut agricultural science Dirgible Dixie cup (paper cup) Dishwasher Peep show Escalator Gasoline powered car Player piano Submarine Double-edge safety razor

Did you say… They are all major inventions of the 1890 s? You win a prize!

Industrialization Overview Content Question #1: How did Industrialization Change America?

Natural Resources • Oil (black gold) – First drill invented by Edwin Drake in 1859 – Wells pump oil to surface • Large deposits of iron & coal discovered – Coal is burned to produce steam – New source of energy powers machines • Steel (made from iron) – Lighter, more flexible, rust-resistant metal – 1860 = produce 3 -5 tons/day – 1900 = produce 3 -5 tons/15 minutes – Used for railroads, skyscrapers, tools, autos…

Drake Oil Drill, Titusville PA

The Skyscraper Home Insurance Building Ames Building Chicago, 1884 (the first) Boston, 1893 (Washington St. ) Flatiron Building New York, 1903

New Farm Machinery

Productivity Agricultural / Transportation Advances Before Civil War, 61 hours labor to produce acre of wheat By 1900, 3 hours 19 min. Manufactured ice & meatpacking 193, 000 miles railroad connects the country Tractors towed and powered new planters, cultivators, reapers, pickers, threshers, combine harvesters, mowers, and balers

Economic Innovations & Inventions Corporation: a business that is owned by many investors A legal being separate from owners (a person? ) Raise large amounts of capital and limit liability Stock – partial ownership in a company (held by a shareholder) Trust – a bunch of corporations controlled by a board of directors (Monopoly)

GDP: How the economy is measured

Andrew Carnegie Controlled the STEEL industry By 1890, the richest nine percent of Americans held 75 percent of the nation’s wealth The average yearly income for a worker was $380 Carnegie had a yearly income of $25 million by 1900 After his retirement, Carnegie donated most of his money (over $350 million) to establish libraries, schools, and universities He called this “The Gospel of Wealth”

Corruption

Cartoon analysis

“Titans of Industry” J. P. Morgan Andrew Carnegie BANKING/STOCKS STEEL John D. Rockefeller OIL

Industrialization Urbanization Immigration

How does work change? FARMER Time: Works for: Pace: ARTISAN Time: Works for: Pace: Skill: FACTORY WORKER Time: Works for: Pace: Skill:

Timetables from Lowell Mills http: //gse. uml. edu/rtt/tah/8/cds/cd 1/cd/timetable. jpg http: //invention. smithsonian. org/centerpieces/whole_c loth/u 2 ei/u 2 images/act 9/time_tbl. jpg

Scientific Management • IDEA: simplify jobs and train workers to perform as efficiently and productive as possible • Use science to study workers movements and make improvements to tasks and tools • Take away as much skill from task as possible… workers should not think

Time Studies • Shoveling – The optimal weight that a worker should lift in a shovel = 21 pounds – SO… provide each worker with the optimal shovel – Workers increase productivity 3 -4 times, increase pay

The Assembly Line Moving conveyor belts Fixed work stations Each worker does one specific task

Henry Ford Applies scientific management & assembly line to automobile in 1913 Model-T built in 84 steps, able to keep cost low and market as “car for the common man” Pays workers $5/day – can afford to buy car!

Henry Ford connects principles of scientific management to large scale production assembly line WORKERS EMPLOYED AUTOS PRODUCED AUTOS PER WORKER 1903 1908 1914 1921 125 450 12, 880 32, 679 1700 10, 607 24, 8307 933, 720 13. 6 23. 6 19. 2 28. 5

Drawbacks of Scientific Management & the Assembly Line?

Modern Times https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Df. Gs 2 Y 5 WJ 14 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=n_1 ap. Yo 6 -Ow